ArticlePloS one2020
Fatal overdose prevention and experience with naloxone: A cross-sectional study from a community-based cohort of people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends in overdose experiences and prevention behaviors among people who use opioids in Baltimore, MD, 2017-2019.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Take-home naloxone (THN) ownership among a community-based cohort of sex workers who use drugs in metro vancouver: longitudinal trends and structural determinants (2017-2024).Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Trends and correlates of naloxone possession and use among people who inject drugs in Seattle, Washington.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of the Utilization of Opioid Use Treatment, Harm Reduction, and Culturally Tailored Interventions Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities in the United States.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- Article
- Predictors of future overdose among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Implementation of an EMS-based naloxone distribution program: A qualitative evaluation.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Probing different paradigms of morphine withdrawal on sleep behavior in male and female C57BL/6J mice.Behavioural brain research · 2023Article
- Considerations for the design of overdose education and naloxone distribution interventions: results of a multi-stakeholder workshop.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Sweden's first Take-Home Naloxone program: participant characteristics, dose endpoints and predictors for overdose reversals.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2023Article
- Probing different paradigms of morphine withdrawal on sleep behavior in male and female C57BL/6J mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Harm reduction behaviors are associated with carrying naloxone among patients on methadone treatment.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Individual and social network correlates of responding to multiple overdoses among a cohort of people who use drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
- Opioid Use Disorder and Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities: Prevention and Management.Current pain and headache reports · 2022Review
- Gaps in naloxone ownership among people who inject drugs during the fentanyl wave of the opioid overdose epidemic in New York City, 2018.Substance abuse · 2022Article
- Trends in fatal and nonfatal overdose by race among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland from 1998 to 2019.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Observational
- The health and social consequences during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic among current and former people who inject drugs: A rapid phone survey in Baltimore, Maryland.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- "They're not doing enough.": women's experiences with opioids and naloxone in Toronto.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2021Article
- Therapeutic Approaches to Opioid Use Disorder: What is the Current Standard of Care?International journal of general medicine · 2021Review
- An economic evaluation of community pharmacy-dispensed naloxone in Canada.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionOverdose is a leading cause of death in the United States, especially among people who inject drugs (PWID). Improving naloxone access and carrying among PWID may offset recent increases in overdose mortality associated with the influx of synthetic opioids in the drug market. This study characterized prevalence and correlates of several naloxone outcomes among PWID.
methodsDuring 2018, a survey to assess experience with naloxone was administered to 915 participants in the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) study, an ongoing community-based observational cohort of people who currently inject or formerly injected drugs in Baltimore, Maryland. We examined the associations of naloxone outcomes (training, supply, use, and regular possession) with socio-demographic, substance use and healthcare utilization factors among PWID in order to characterize gaps in naloxone implementation among this high-risk population.
resultsMedian age was 56 years, 34% were female, 85% were African American, and 31% recently injected. In the past six months, 46% (n = 421) reported receiving training in overdose prevention, 38% (n = 346) had received a supply of naloxone, 9% (n = 85) had administered naloxone, and 9% (n = 82) reported usually carrying a supply of naloxone. Recent non-fatal overdose was not associated with any naloxone outcomes in adjusted analysis. Active opioid use (aOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.28) and recent treatment of alcohol or substance use disorder (aOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.56) were associated with regularly carrying naloxone.
conclusionFurther work is needed to encourage PWID to carry and effectively use naloxone to decrease rates of fatal opioid overdose. While accessing treatment for substance use disorder was positively associated with carrying naloxone, EMS response to 911 calls for overdose, the emergency department, and syringe services programs may be settings in which naloxone access and carrying could be encouraged among PWID.
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