ReviewEuropean journal of psychotraumatology2020
Translational studies of estradiol and progesterone in fear and PTSD.
Review in European journal of psychotraumatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurobiological Alterations in Females With PTSD: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Progesterone Attenuates the Stress Response in Individuals with Alcohol Dependence and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - A Pilot Study.Journal of dual diagnosisTrial
- Post-traumatic stress disorder: pathogenesis, epidemiological characteristics, animal models, and potential therapeutic strategies.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Electrophysiological characterization of neuropeptide S-expressing neurons in the periLC: influence of the female estrous cycle on neuronal excitability in mice.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2026Article
- The progesterone to estradiol ratio predicts fear extinction in mice and humans.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- The impact of trauma and how to intervene: a narrative review of psychotraumatology over the past 15 years.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Exogenous estradiol increases cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity during a hypertensive stimulus in premenopausal young women.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Females in Psychedelic Research: A Perspective for Advancing Research and Practice.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Longitudinal Associations Between Peritraumatic Oestradiol and Fear Responding in Women and Men.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025Article
- Ovarian hormones reduce the negative association between worry and cognitive control: A combined neural and behavioral investigation.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- The impact of PTSD on associations between sex hormones and cardiovascular disease symptoms.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Trauma-related moderators of associations between sex hormones and PTSD symptoms: a replication-extension.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder: a psychiatric disorder requiring urgent attention.Medical review (2021) · 2022Review
- Using Translational Models of Fear Conditioning to Uncover Sex-Linked Factors Related to PTSD Risk.Journal of psychiatry and brain science · 2022Article
- Sex hormones and cortisol during experimental trauma memory consolidation: Prospective association with intrusive memories.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2022Article
- Genomic factors underlying sex differences in trauma-related disorders.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Article
- PTSD as an Endothelial Disease: Insights From COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
- Sex, Pramipexole and Tiagabine Affect Behavioral and Hormonal Response to Traumatic Stress in a Mouse Model of PTSD.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Sex differences in post-traumatic stress disorder risk: autonomic control and inflammation.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Translational models of fear have greatly informed our understanding of PTSD and its underlying fear circuitry. One of the most replicated findings in the field is the two-fold higher PTSD incidence in females compared to males. While sociocultural factors play a role, the most robust biological influencers to date are gonadal hormones, such as estradiol and progesterone, which fluctuate across the menstrual cycle. Among studies that account for these hormones, most do so in isolation or collect both and only report one. Variation in study findings suggests that the ratio between these two hormones (the P/E ratio) may be an important and missing variable to further understand gonadal hormone influences on fear. Here we review cross-species examinations of fear and PTSD, within the contexts of estradiol and progesterone as well as P/E ratios that were calculated based on extant literature. We then provide recommendations for best practices in assay methods and reporting to improve research on the P/E ratio in fear and PTSD. Ultimately, greater understanding of this important variable will advance efforts to characterize gonadal hormone influences on fear learning processes in humans and animals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.