ArticleNature and science of sleep2020
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening with a 4-Item Instrument, Named GOAL Questionnaire: Development, Validation and Comparative Study with No-Apnea, STOP-Bang, and NoSAS.
Article in Nature and science of sleep, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07349901 (Predicting Hospital Readmission for Surgical Patients Using Deep Learning Models With Smart Watch and Smart Ring Sensors Data), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Predicting Hospital Readmission for Surgical Patients Using Deep Learning Models With Smart Watch and Smart Ring Sensors Data
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Diagnostic accuracy of screening questionnaires for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults in different clinical cohorts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of NoSAS in patients with sleep apnea syndrome.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Pooled it
- Use and Performance of the STOP-Bang Questionnaire for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening Across Geographic Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Performance of six screening scores for obstructive sleep apnoea in an African population: findings from the BeSAS cross-sectional study.Sleep medicine: X · 2026Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea: Proposed scoring system.World journal of methodology · 2026Review
- Validation Performance of Screening Tools for Predicting Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Chinese Patients Undergoing Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: Insights from a Multicenter Database.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- The No-Apnea score for early obstructive sleep apnea detection in a sleep clinic: a study of diagnostic accuracy and comparative performance of three screening instruments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessing the effectiveness of the Friedman classification and its components in predicting obstructive sleep apnea: a Brazilian cross-sectional study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Evaluation of five questionnaires for obstructive sleep apnea screening in the elderly.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Improving OSA screening efficiency with subjective questionnaires: integrating STOP-Bang, ESS, and Berlin.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Symptom content analysis of OSA questionnaires: time to identify and improve relevance of diversity of OSA symptoms?Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Predictive factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults with severe asthma receiving biologics: a single-center cross-sectional study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2023Article
- Utilization of the GOAL questionnaire as a standardized screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Validation of STOP, STOP-BANG, STOP-BAG, STOP-B28, and GOAL screening tools for identification of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Parkinson disease.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Article
- Establishment and Application Evaluation of an Improved Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening Questionnaire for Chinese Community: The CNCQ-OSA.Nature and science of sleep · 2023Article
- Development and validation of a genomic nomogram based on a ceRNA network for comprehensive analysis of obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Editorial: Unraveling sleep and its disorders using novel analytical approaches, volume II.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Observational
- Does sex difference play an important role in therapeutic CPAP levels?Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a very prevalent disorder. Here, we aimed to develop and validate a practical questionnaire with yes-or-no answers, and to compare its performance with other well-validated instruments: No-Apnea, STOP-Bang, and NoSAS.
methodsA cross-sectional study containing consecutively selected sleep-lab subjects underwent full polysomnography. A 4-item model, named GOAL questionnaire (gender, obesity, age, and loud snoring), was developed and subsequently validated, with item-scoring of 0-4 points (≥2 points indicating high risk for OSA). Discrimination was assessed by area under the curve (AUC), while predictive parameters were calculated using contingency tables. OSA severity was classified based on conventionally accepted apnea/hypopnea index thresholds: ≥5.0/h (OSA
resultsOverall, 7377 adults were grouped into two large and independent cohorts: derivation (n = 3771) and validation (n = 3606). In the derivation cohort, screening of OSA
conclusionAll four instruments had similar performance, leading to a possible greater practical implementation of the GOAL questionnaire, a simple instrument with only four parameters easily obtained during clinical evaluation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.