SynthesisEuropean journal of nutrition2020
A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of the impact of diurnal intermittent fasting during Ramadan on body weight in healthy subjects aged 16 years and above.
Synthesis in European journal of nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of intermittent fasting on BMI, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure in women with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis with dose-response relationships.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of Ramadan fasting on anthropometric and body composition of healthy adults within different time points: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of different types of intermittent fasting on metabolic outcomes: an umbrella review and network meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health in the Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting Regimens on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Cognitive Function in Humans: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, inflammatory, and hormonal markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- The impacts of Ramadan fasting for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Religious fasting and its impacts on individual, public, and planetary health: Fasting as a "religious health asset" for a healthier, more equitable, and sustainable society.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Sex as a Biological Factor in the Changes in Disease Patients During Ramadan Intermittent Fasting: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- The Window Matters: A Systematic Review of Time Restricted Eating Strategies in Relation to Cortisol and Melatonin Secretion.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of Ramadan Diurnal Intermittent Fasting on Hypoglycemic Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Modified Ramadan Fasting on Mental Well-Being and Biomarkers in Healthy Adult Muslims - A Randomised Controlled Trial.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Trial
- Faith, food, and healing: a global cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to Islamic complementary and alternative foods and remedies.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal symptoms and eating patterns during Ramadan fasting among university students in Palestine: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Four consecutive weeks of dawn-to-dusk intermittent fasting are associated with improved neuropsychiatric symptoms and neurocognitive functions among adults: a prospective cohort.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Changes in diet, body composition, sleep, and activity with onset of Ramadan intermittent fasting in female university students: a prospective cohort study.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2026Article
- Diwaniyyah, dietary habits and daily activity during Ramadan among Kuwaiti Men.Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- Intermittent Fasting in Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Safety and Physiological Outcomes.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2026Review
- Nutritional, sleep, physical activity, and quality-of-life changes during Ramadan fasting: a prospective comparative study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeStudies on the effect of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF) on body weight have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effect size of body weight changes in healthy, non-athletic Muslims practicing Ramadan fasting, and to assess the effect of covariates such as age, sex, fasting time duration, season, and country, using subgroup analysis, and meta-regression. Covariate adjustments were performed to explain the variability of weight change in response to Ramadan fasting.
methodsCINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ProQuest Medical, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from date of inception in 1950 to the end of August 2019.
resultsEighty-five studies, conducted in 25 countries during 1982-2019, were identified. RDIF yielded a significant, but small reduction in body weight (K = 85, number of subjects, N = 4176 (aged 16-80 years), Hedges' g =- 0.360, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.405 to - 0.315, I
conclusionRDIF may confer a significant small reduction in body weight in non-athletic healthy people aged 16 years and above, directly associated with fasting time and variably correlated with the season, and country.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.