ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2020
Postpartum anal incontinence in women with and without obstetric anal sphincter injuries.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06525207 (New Diagnostic Tools in the Evaluation of the Posterior Compartment of the Women Pelvic Floor), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
New Diagnostic Tools in the Evaluation of the Posterior Compartment of the Women Pelvic Floor
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Caesarean section and anal incontinence in women after obstetric anal sphincter injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Pooled it
- Risk Factors and Prevalence of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries in a Quaternary Care Center in Southern Thailand.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Fecal incontinence from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum: A longitudinal cohort study from Tuscany.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Photobiomodulation for Pain, Healing, and Analgesic Use after Perineal Lacerations: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Chronic Maternal Pelvic Morbidity: A Neglected Tragedy: Where is Pelvic Maternal Morbidity in Maternal and Child Health? : Advocating for a Public Health Approach to Pelvic Floor Disorders Resulting from Pregnancy and Childbirth Trauma.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Effects of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS) on Incidence of Urinary and Anal Incontinence After Childbirth in Nigeria: A Prospective Cohort Study.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Outcomes Following Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury: Is There a Difference Between Subtypes in the Short Term?International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Urinary incontinence 12 years after obstetric anal sphincter injury in a longitudinal case control study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Clinical Grade of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries and Prediction of Mode of Birth Recommendations: A 20-Year Retrospective Analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Detection of obstetric anal sphincter injuries using machine learning-assisted impedance spectroscopy: a prospective, comparative, multicentre clinical study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The prevalence and persistence of maternal morbidities after first vs. second birth: A prospective cohort study in Ireland.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction in recreational athletes: a cross-sectional survey.International urogynecology journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisPostpartum anal incontinence is common and distressing for women. We sought to look at the prevalence of anal incontinence in women who sustained obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI) compared with women who did not, and factors leading to these symptoms during the postpartum period.
methodsA total of 129 primiparous women sustaining OASI were compared with 131 women who did not (controls). They were contacted at approximately 6-10 weeks postpartum to obtain information on their symptoms of anal incontinence (AI). The data underwent univariate and multivariate analysis.
resultsThere was no difference in the prevalence of AI symptoms, occurring in 30% of women with OASI, and 23% of women without at 6-10 weeks postpartum; however, in women with high-grade tears the prevalence was 59%. Severe OASI (grade 3c and 4) was associated with an increased prevalence of both AI and severe AI, whereas forceps delivery and increasing maternal age were associated with an increased prevalence of severe AI only.
conclusionWomen with less severe (grade 3a and 3b) OASI do not experience a higher prevalence of AI than women without OASI in the postpartum period. Higher grade (3c and 4) tears, forceps delivery and increasing maternal age are associated with higher rates of AI. These factors should be avoided where possible to reduce postpartum AI. All women should be warned of the 23-30% chance of experiencing some mild AI in this period. Whether these symptoms are transient or long-lasting requires further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.