ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Potential for release of pulmonary toxic ketene from vaping pyrolysis of vitamin E acetate.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory and Carcinogenic Biomarker Signatures in E-Cigarette Users: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of ∼24,000 Adults.International journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- The Tie-2 agonist PMC-403 inhibits endothelial damage induced by e-cigarette vapor or LPS.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Vaping-related lung disease: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Article
- Concurrent e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) and myopericarditis: a rare case report and literature review.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
- Biological sex modulates lung injury severity in adolescent mice exposed to short-term aerosolized vitamin E acetate.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Analysing the acute toxicity of e-cigarette liquids and their vapour on human lung epithelial (A549) cellsToxicology reports · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics identifies altered neutrophil dynamics and accentuated T-cell cytotoxicity in tobacco flavored e-cigarette exposed mouse lungs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mobilizing for Health: A Case Study of Kazakhstan's Vaping Ban Advocacy Campaign.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Immunological Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Review of Current Evidence.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Heavy Metals in Cannabis Vapes and Their Health Implications-A Scoping Review.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2025Article
- Cannabis concentrate vaping chemistry.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Environmental Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Clinics in chest medicine · 2024Review
- Assessing vitamin E acetate as a proxy for E-cigarette additives in a realistic pulmonary surfactant model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Conditions Leading to Ketene Formation in Vaping Devices and Implications for Public Health.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Article
- Forecasting vaping health risks through neural network model prediction of flavour pyrolysis reactions.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Nicotine or marijuana vaping exposure during pregnancy and altered immune responses in offspring.Journal of environmental exposure assessment · 2024Article
- Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A combined analytical, theoretical, and experimental study has shown that the vaping of vitamin E acetate has the potential to produce exceptionally toxic ketene gas, which may be a contributing factor to the upsurge in pulmonary injuries associated with using e-cigarette/vaping products. Additionally, the pyrolysis of vitamin E acetate also produces carcinogen alkenes and benzene for which the negative long-term medical effects are well recognized. As temperatures reached in vaping devices can be equivalent to a laboratory pyrolysis apparatus, the potential for unexpected chemistries to take place on individual components within a vape mixture is high. Educational programs to inform of the danger are now required, as public perception has grown that vaping is not harmful.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.