ReviewJournal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS2020
Review of Intraperitoneal Injection of Sodium Pentobarbital as a Method of Euthanasia in Laboratory Rodents.
Review in Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Preclinical and clinical sex differences in the effects of alcohol on measures of brain dopamine: a systematic review.Biology of sex differences · 2025Pooled it
- Tetramethylpyrazine and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Cola hispida Leaf Extract Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepato-Reno-Hematotoxicity via Antioxidant Modulation in Rats.Environmental toxicology · 2026Article
- To Study the Effect of Nilotinib, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, on Learning and Memory and Its Comparison with Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Possible protective effects of tirzepatide on polycystic ovary syndrome in female rat model induced by testosterone propionate in comparison to metformin.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Tricellulin regulates the tight junctions and cytoskeleton of pancreatic acinar cells through the NF-κB pathway in hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of ropivacaine-loaded ReproGel drug delivery system in a rat model of postoperative pain.The Korean journal of pain · 2026Article
- Clofazimine against cerebral toxoplasmosis in diabetic and dexamethasone-immunosuppressed mice: ultrastructural and semiquantitative transmission electron microscopic study.BMC neuroscience · 2026Article
- L-carvone protects against myoglobinuric acute tubular necrosis via inhibition of NF-κB and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Protective role of HOXB5-orchestrated mitochondrial homeostasis and mitophagy in cardiomyocytes after ischemia-reperfusion via transcriptionally activating Sirt5.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Article
- Dexmedetomidine mitigates postoperative delirium after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients by modulating miR-107 expression.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Time course of early and delayed myocardial protection induced by vagal nerve stimulation preconditioning.Basic research in cardiology · 2026Article
- Targeting ferroptosis by trimetazidine and probiotics to attenuate 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Pseudolaric acid B promotes lung cancer cells ferroptosis depending on JNK/ERK-mediated upregulation of survivin.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exploring the impact of rumen microbiome on ovine flavor-related compounds and comparing flavor profiles between Tibetan sheep and Small-tail Han sheep.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Selective antagonism of adenosine A2A receptor reduces hypobaric hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting cGAS-STING pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- DAPT Mitigates Osteoarthritic Cartilage Degeneration and Enhances Articular Repair Through Targeted Modulation of the Gucy1a3 and Notch Signaling Axis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- CAPZA1 deficiency disrupts sperm flagellar structure and motility, potentially involving the p300/SLC7A11 pathway.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Sheep placental extract ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome in rats by regulating ERβ-mediated Treg cells via the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Euthanasia is one of the most commonly performed procedures in biomedical research, involving tens of millions of animals in North America and Europe every year. The use of sodium pentobarbital, injected intraperitoneally, for killing rodents is described as an acceptable technique by the AVMA and CCAC euthanasia guidelines. This drug and route are recommended over inhalant anesthetics, carbon dioxide, and physical methods for ethical and aesthetic reasons as well as efficiency. However, a growing body of evidence challenges the efficacy and utility of intraperitoneal pentobarbital. This methodology has been described as inconsistent and may induce pain and stress. With these considerations in mind, a review of the literature is needed to assess the evidence surrounding this killing method, the associated welfare implications, and potential for refinement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.