Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32155977›Full record

ArticlePolymers2020

The Importance of the Mixing Energy in Ionized Superabsorbent Polymer Swelling Models.

Eanna Fennell, Juliane Kamphus, Jacques M Huyghe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Eanna FennellBernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-1280-3439
Juliane KamphusProcter & Gamble Service GmbH, Sulzbacher Straße 40, 65824 Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany.
Jacques M HuygheBernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-0873-2236

Funding

Irish Research Council EPSPG/2017/230
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Flory-Rehner theoretical description of the free energy in a hydrogel swelling model can be broken into two swelling components: the mixing energy and the ionic energy. Conventionally for ionized gels, the ionic energy is characterized as the main contributor to swelling and, therefore, the mixing energy is assumed negligible. However, this assumption is made at the equilibrium state and ignores the dynamics of gel swelling. Here, the influence of the mixing energy on swelling ionized gels is quantified through numerical simulations on sodium polyacrylate using a Mixed Hybrid Finite Element Method. For univalent and divalent solutions, at initial porosities greater than 0.90, the contribution of the mixing energy is negligible. However, at initial porosities less than 0.90, the total swelling pressure is significantly influenced by the mixing energy. Therefore, both ionic and mixing energies are required for the modeling of sodium polyacrylate ionized gel swelling. The numerical model results are in good agreement with the analytical solution as well as experimental swelling tests.

Indexed as

finite deformationFlory–Huggins equationFlory–Rehner theoryionized hydrogelsmixing energypolymer mechanicssodium polyacrylatesuperabsorbent polymerswelling

Identifiers

PMID32155977
PMCPMC7182907

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.