ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Designs of Antigen Structure and Composition for Improved Protein-Based Vaccine Efficacy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-in-human study of WT1 recombinant protein vaccination in elderly patients with AML in remission: a single-center experience.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Trial
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- Soluble multi-epitope protein vaccination leverages antigen availability to drive CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Review on Aspergillosis in Turkey: As a Main Fungal Disease in Poultry.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Review
- Hemocyanins: Microscopic Giants with Unique Structural Features for Applications in Biomedicine.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Cyclodextrins as Active Therapeutic Agents: Beyond Their Role as Excipients.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Condensate nanovaccine adjuvants augment CD8Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Novel Strategies for Developing Next-Generation Vaccines to Combat Infectious Viral Diseases.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Polyphosphazene-Based Nanotherapeutics.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Cell-Free Expression of Nipah Virus Transmembrane Proteins for Proteoliposome Vaccine Design.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Generation of shark single-domain antibodies as an aid for Cryo-EM structure determination of membrane proteins: Use hyaluronan synthase as an example.Journal of structural biology: X · 2025Article
- Review
- Immunization with recombinant HPV16-E7d in fusion with Flagellin as a cancer vaccine: Effect of antigen-adjuvant orientation on the immune response pattern.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Lipid Antigens: Revealing the Hidden Players in Adaptive Immune Responses.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Conjugation of Multiple Proteins Onto the Surface of PLGA/Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2025Article
- Robust genome and cell engineering via in vitro and in situ circularized RNAs.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Helminth-induced immune modulation in colorectal cancer: exploring therapeutic applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Bioinformatics Analysis and Immunogenicity Assessment of the Novel Multi-Stage DNA Vaccine W541 Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- Enhanced Immune Responses in Mice by Combining the Mpox Virus B6R-Protein and Aluminum Hydroxide-CpG Vaccine Adjuvants.Vaccines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Today, vaccinologists have come to understand that the hallmark of any protective immune response is the antigen. However, it is not the whole antigen that dictates the immune response, but rather the various parts comprising the whole that are capable of influencing immunogenicity. Protein-based antigens hold particular importance within this structural approach to understanding immunity because, though different molecules can serve as antigens, only proteins are capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immunity. This fact, coupled with the versatility and customizability of proteins when considering vaccine design applications, makes protein-based vaccines (PBVs) one of today's most promising technologies for artificially inducing immunity. In this review, we follow the development of PBV technologies through time and discuss the antigen-specific receptors that are most critical to any immune response: pattern recognition receptors, B cell receptors, and T cell receptors. Knowledge of these receptors and their ligands has become exceptionally valuable in the field of vaccinology, where today it is possible to make drastic modifications to PBV structure, from primary to quaternary, in order to promote recognition of target epitopes, potentiate vaccine immunogenicity, and prevent antigen-associated complications. Additionally, these modifications have made it possible to control immune responses by modulating stability and targeting PBV to key immune cells. Consequently, careful consideration should be given to protein structure when designing PBVs in the future in order to potentiate PBV efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.