ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2020
Cytotoxic Immunity in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Pain.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Their Clinical Significance: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Modulation of Mu-Opioid Receptor Expression and Functional Impairment of Natural Killer Cells in Neuropathic Pain: Implications for Biomarker Discovery and Personalized Therapies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cellular and molecular basis of neuropathic pain.RMD open · 2026Review
- The pivotal role of immunometabolism in diabetic neuropathy and its potential therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Effect of Erector Spinae Plane Block Applied to Painful Herpes Zoster Patients Who Failed to Respond to Pregabalin Treatment on Immunological Marker Levels and Postherpetic Neuralgia Incidence Rate.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- NKG2D receptor ligands are cell surface biomarkers for injured murine and human nociceptive sensory neurons.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Dysbiosis-NK Cell Crosstalk in Pancreatic Cancer: Toward a Unified Biomarker Signature for Improved Clinical Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Progress in Exploratory Studies of Peripheral Blood Single Nucleated Cells as Seed Cells in Peripheral Nerve Repair.Neural plasticity · 2025Review
- Cellular senescence in the innervated niche modulates cancer-associated pain: an emerging therapeutic target?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Association Between NK Cell Genetic Variants and the Development of Long COVID Associated- and Prepandemic Small Fiber Neuropathy.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- The influence of sex on neuroimmune communication, pain, and physiology.Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
- Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded into a composite conduit promote functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury in rats.Neural regeneration research · 2024Article
- Zfra Overrides WWOX in Suppressing the Progression of Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Pain mechanisms in the transgender individual: a review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Predicting 'pain genes': multi-modal data integration using probabilistic classifiers and interaction networks.Bioinformatics advances · 2024Article
- Identifying circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- Crosstalk of Mast Cells and Natural Killer Cells with Neurons in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- CD3International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Mice lacking perforin have improved regeneration of the injured femoral nerve.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cytotoxicity and consequent cell death pathways are a critical component of the immune response to infection, disease or injury. While numerous examples of inflammation causing neuronal sensitization and pain have been described, there is a growing appreciation of the role of cytotoxic immunity in response to painful nerve injury. In this review we highlight the functions of cytotoxic immune effector cells, focusing in particular on natural killer (NK) cells, and describe the consequent action of these cells in the injured nerve as well as other chronic pain conditions and peripheral neuropathies. We describe how targeted delivery of cytotoxic factors via the immune synapse operates alongside Wallerian degeneration to allow local axon degeneration in the absence of cell death and is well-placed to support the restoration of homeostasis within the nerve. We also summarize the evidence for the expression of endogenous ligands and receptors on injured nerve targets and infiltrating immune cells that facilitate direct neuro-immune interactions, as well as modulation of the surrounding immune milieu. A number of chronic pain and peripheral neuropathies appear comorbid with a loss of function of cellular cytotoxicity suggesting such mechanisms may actually help to resolve neuropathic pain. Thus while the immune response to peripheral nerve injury is a major driver of maladaptive pain, it is simultaneously capable of directing resolution of injury in part through the pathways of cellular cytotoxicity. Our growing knowledge in tuning immune function away from inflammation toward recovery from nerve injury therefore holds promise for interventions aimed at preventing the transition from acute to chronic pain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.