SynthesisNeuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society2020
Programming Algorithms for Sacral Neuromodulation: Clinical Practice and Evidence-Recommendations for Day-to-Day Practice.
Synthesis in Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Reprogramming Sacral Neuromodulation for Sub-Optimal Outcomes: Evidence and Recommendations for Clinical Practice.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM) in Patients with Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction (nLUTD): Over 20 Years' Experience and Future Directions.Advances in therapy · 2021Pooled it
- Sacral neuromodulation with ultra-low stimulation intensity is effective in faecal incontinence - results from a randomised study with a one-stage implant procedure.Techniques in coloproctology · 2025Trial
- A prospective, multicenter, international study to explore the effect of three different amplitude settings in female subjects with urinary urge incontinence receiving interstim therapy.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2021Trial
- Sacral Neuromodulation for Refractory Overactive Bladder: Closing the Gaps in Anatomy, Mechanisms, and Parameter Selection.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- The Long-Term Effects of Sacral Neuromodulation on Urodynamic Parameters in Female Patients With Functional High-Pressure Low-Flow Voiding: A Ticking Time-Bomb?Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Article
- Selective Motor Stimulation of the Pudendal Nerve Using Multi-Contact Cuff Electrodes: A Pre-Clinical Study in Feline and Ovine Models.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Article
- Factors Affecting Anal Sphincter Recruitment During Intraoperative Pudendal Nerve Stimulation: An Observational Study.International urogynecology journal · 2026Observational
- Burst-patterned stimulation restores colonic motility in preclinical models.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Selective motor stimulation of the pudendal nerve using multi-contact cuff electrodes: a pre-clinical study in feline and ovine models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Sacral neuromodulation in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.Current urology · 2025Article
- Acute Cortical Brain Neuroexcitation Can Be Detected With Sacral Neuromodulation.Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Differential effects of low- and high-frequency sacral neuromodulation on urinary symptoms: high-frequency improves Qmax, low-frequency enhances bladder capacity.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Management of Fecal Incontinence: Surgical Treatment Options.Visceral medicine · 2024Review
- Sacral Neuromodulation: Device Improvement and Current Applications in Urology.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Pathways and parameters of sacral neuromodulation in rats.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2023Article
- Electroceuticals for Neurogastroenterology and Motility Disorders.Current gastroenterology reports · 2023Review
- Faecal incontinence is associated with an impaired rectosigmoid brake and improved by sacral neuromodulation.Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2022Article
- Data Gap in Sacral Neuromodulation Documentation: Call to Improve Documentation Protocols.International neurourology journal · 2022Article
- Sacral neuromodulation of bladder underactivity induced by prolonged pudendal afferent firing in cats.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn sacral neuromodulation (SNM), stimulation programming plays a key role to achieve success of the therapy. However to date, little attention has been given to the best ways to set and optimize SNM programming during the test and chronic stimulation phases of the procedure.
objectiveStandardize and make SNM programming easier and more efficient for the several conditions for which SNM is proposed.
methodsSystematic literature review and collective clinical experience report.
resultsThe basic principles of SNM programming are described. It covers choice of electrode configuration, stimulation amplitude, pulse frequency and pulse widths, while use of cycling is also briefly discussed. Step-by-step practical flow charts developed by a group of 13 European experts are presented.
conclusionsProgramming of SNM therapy is not complex. There are few programming settings that seem beneficial or significantly impact patient outcomes. Only four basic electrode configurations could be identified according to four different options to define the cathode. In a majority of patients, the proposed stimulation parameters will allow a satisfactory improvement for long periods of time. A regular follow-up is, however, necessary to assess and eventually optimize results, as well as to reassure patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.