ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2020
Inflammation in acquired hydrocephalus: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07662174 (VENTURE-PHH), which is not on this map. Cited by 129 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
VENTURE-PHH: Ventricular mTOR Inhibition to Prevent Hydrocephalus After Brain Hemorrhage
Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- CSF hypersecretion versus impaired CSF absorption in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus: a systematic review.Acta neurochirurgica · 2023Pooled it
- Pathophysiologic mechanisms and strategies for the treatment of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2022Pooled it
- Inflammatory Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Literature Review.Disease markers · 2021Pooled it
- CGRP-provoked headache is associated with a neuroimmune signature in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Trial
- Comparative study between ventriculosubgaleal shunt and external ventricular drain for management of post infective hydrocephalus among pediatrics.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Trial
- Microglial GRB2 is essential for brain ventriculogenesis and cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Neonatal blood biomarkers related to development of hydrocephalus.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Exploring and translating novel approaches targeting the choroid plexus for the treatment of hydrocephalus: a literature review.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Early Metabolic Alterations Are Associated with Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Its Complications in Very Preterm Infants.Neonatology · 2026Article
- Inhibition of the Microglial cGAS-STING Pathway Improves Neurological Deficits and Long-Term Hydrocephalus Symptoms in Mice with Intraventricular Hemorrhage.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown therapy in two infants with severe KCNT1 epileptic encephalopathy.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity is associated with disruption of tight junctions and increased macrophage activity in the choroid plexus.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the risk of cerebrospinal fluid diversion after posterior fossa tumor resection in pediatrics.Neurosurgical review · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Termination of Pregnancy Under the Umbrella of Environmental, Socio-Economic Factors and High-Risk Pregnancy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Case Report: Suspected hereditary spontaneous hydrocephalus in a Beagle pedigree.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Trans-sylvian hematoma evacuation combined with lamina terminalis ventriculostomy for hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- CSF protein clearance impairment revealed using stable isotope kinetics in normal pressure hydrocephalus.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Nomogram Model for Assessing the Impact of Continuous Lumbar Drainage Volume on Prognosis in Patients with Acute Hydrocephalus After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- GLAPAL-H: Global, Local, and Parts Aware Learner for Hydrocephalus Infection Diagnosis in Low-Field MRI.IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2026Article
- Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is the most common neurosurgical disorder worldwide and is characterized by enlargement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled brain ventricles resulting from failed CSF homeostasis. Since the 1840s, physicians have observed inflammation in the brain and the CSF spaces in both posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH). Reparative inflammation is an important protective response that eliminates foreign organisms, damaged cells and physical irritants; however, inappropriately triggered or sustained inflammation can respectively initiate or propagate disease. Recent data have begun to uncover the molecular mechanisms by which inflammation - driven by Toll-like receptor 4-regulated cytokines, immune cells and signalling pathways - contributes to the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. We propose that therapeutic approaches that target inflammatory mediators in both PHH and PIH could address the multiple drivers of disease, including choroid plexus CSF hypersecretion, ependymal denudation, and damage and scarring of intraventricular and parenchymal (glia-lymphatic) CSF pathways. Here, we review the evidence for a prominent role of inflammation in the pathogenic mechanism of PHH and PIH and highlight promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Focusing research efforts on inflammation could shift our view of hydrocephalus from that of a lifelong neurosurgical disorder to that of a preventable neuroinflammatory condition.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.