ArticleNature communications2020
Complexation-induced resolution enhancement of 3D-printed hydrogel constructs.
Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vat Polymerization 3D Printing of Hydrogels With Tunable Porosity.Small methods · 2026Article
- Vascularized Cardiac Tissue Engineering: From Advances in Biofabrication to Translational Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Patient-Derived 3D-Bioprinted Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Models Recapitulate Tumor Autologous Traits and Predict Personalized Adjuvant Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sustained interfacial powering through self-generated mantle and siphon of a gelling droplet.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Versatility of Click Chemistry in Hydrogel Synthesis: From Molecular Strategies to Applications in Regenerative Medicine.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sacrificial Biofabrication for Vascularization: Concept, Materials, Technologies, and Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- One-Step Coordinated Multi-Kinetic 4D Printing of Human Vascularized Cardiac Tissues with Selective Fast-Shrinking Capillaries.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Interparticle Crosslinked Ion-Responsive Microgels for 3D and 4D (Bio)Printing Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Article
- A Highly Adaptable Hydrogen Bond Re-Orientation (HyBRO) Strategy for Multiscale Vasculature Fabrication.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- In-Depth Investigation of Electrostatic Interaction-Based Hydrogel Shrinking for Volumetric Printing and Tissue Engineering Applications.Biomacromolecules · 2025Article
- 3D-Printable Granular Hydrogel Composed of Hyaluronic Acid-Chitosan Hybrid Polyelectrolyte Complex Microgels.Biomacromolecules · 2025Article
- Printing Cell Embedded Sacrificial Strategy for Microvasculature using Degradable DNA Biolubricant.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- 3D-Printed Hydrogels from Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications: Conventional Fabrication Methods, Current Developments, Advantages, and Challenges.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Integrating microfluidic and bioprinting technologies: advanced strategies for tissue vascularization.Lab on a chip · 2025Review
- 3D-Printed Polymeric Biomaterials for Health Applications.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Article
- Novel Biomaterials for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration.ACS omega · 2024Review
- A novel semi-flexible coaxial nozzle based on fluid dynamics effects and its self-centering performance study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- 4D bioprinting of programmed dynamic tissues.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel printing enables production of volumetric architectures containing desired structures using programmed automation processes. Our study reports a unique method of resolution enhancement purely relying on post-printing treatment of hydrogel constructs. By immersing a 3D-printed patterned hydrogel consisting of a hydrophilic polyionic polymer network in a solution of polyions of the opposite net charge, shrinking can rapidly occur resulting in various degrees of reduced dimensions comparing to the original pattern. This phenomenon, caused by complex coacervation and water expulsion, enables us to reduce linear dimensions of printed constructs while maintaining cytocompatible conditions in a cell type-dependent manner. We anticipate our shrinking printing technology to find widespread applications in promoting the current 3D printing capacities for generating higher-resolution hydrogel-based structures without necessarily having to involve complex hardware upgrades or other printing parameter alterations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.