Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32152131›Full record

ArticleNeurology2020

Race, ethnicity, and cognition in persons newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

Lilyana Amezcua, Jessica B Smith, Edlin G Gonzales, Samantha Haraszti, Annette Langer-Gould

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lilyana AmezcuaFrom the Department of Neurology (L.A.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Department of Research & Evaluation (J.B.S., E.G.G.) and Los Angeles Medical Center, Department of Neurology (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena; and Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (S.H.), PA.
Jessica B SmithFrom the Department of Neurology (L.A.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Department of Research & Evaluation (J.B.S., E.G.G.) and Los Angeles Medical Center, Department of Neurology (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena; and Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (S.H.), PA.
Edlin G GonzalesFrom the Department of Neurology (L.A.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Department of Research & Evaluation (J.B.S., E.G.G.) and Los Angeles Medical Center, Department of Neurology (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena; and Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (S.H.), PA.
Samantha HarasztiFrom the Department of Neurology (L.A.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Department of Research & Evaluation (J.B.S., E.G.G.) and Los Angeles Medical Center, Department of Neurology (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena; and Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (S.H.), PA.
Annette Langer-GouldFrom the Department of Neurology (L.A.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Department of Research & Evaluation (J.B.S., E.G.G.) and Los Angeles Medical Center, Department of Neurology (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena; and Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (S.H.), PA. annette.m.langer-gould@kp.org.
University of Southern California · US

Funding

Vitamin D, Race/Ethnicity, Genotype, and Multiple SclerosisR01NS075308 · NINDS · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI LANGER-GOULD, ANNETTE M · 2011 to 2015
$3.0M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS075308
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether black or Hispanic patients with newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS) are more likely to have cognitive impairment than white patients when compared to controls matched on age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Whether black or Hispanic patients have a more aggressive MS disease course than white patients remains unclear. No prior studies have examined differences in early cognitive impairment. The oral Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is sensitive to early cognitive impairment in MS but normative data in nonwhite patients are limited.

methodsWe studied 1,174 adults who enrolled in the MS Sunshine Study. SDMT and verbal fluency were measured in 554 incident cases of MS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and 620 matched controls. Multivariable regression was used to examine correlates of abnormal SDMT in the entire cohort.

resultsThe strongest independent predictors of lower oral SDMT scores in rank order were having MS/CIS, lower educational attainment, and being black or Hispanic. Black and Hispanic patients and controls had lower SDMT scores than white participants even after controlling for age, sex, and education. However, no interaction between race/ethnicity and MS case status on SDMT scores was detected. Easy-to-use reference scores stratified by age and educational attainment for black and Hispanic patients are provided.

conclusionPersons with newly diagnosed MS/CIS are more likely to have subtly impaired cognitive function than controls regardless of race/ethnicity. Lower absolute SDMT scores among black and Hispanic patients compared to white patients highlight underlying US population differences rather than differences in MS disease severity.

Indexed as

EthnicityAdultAge FactorsBlack or African AmericanBlack PeopleCognition DisordersDisease ProgressionEducational StatusFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMiddle AgedMultiple SclerosisNeuropsychological TestsPsychomotor Performance

Identifiers

PMID32152131
PMCPMC7251526
OpenAlexW3009221673

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.