ArticleEpidemiology and health2020
Impact of secondhand smoke exposure in former smokers on their subsequent risk of coronary heart disease: evidence from the population-based cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
Article in Epidemiology and health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondhand smoke exposure among patients with coronary heart disease in a tertiary Grade A hospital in China: A qualitative study of lived experience and sociocultural challenges.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between secondhand smoke exposure and incidence of metabolic syndrome: analyses of Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) data.Epidemiology and health · 2025Article
- Advancements in Cardiovascular Disease Research Affected by Smoking.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- The predictive accuracy of coronary heart disease risk prediction models in rural Northwestern China.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- A gender specific risk assessment of coronary heart disease based on physical examination data.NPJ digital medicine · 2023Article
- Predictive Value of Cardiovascular Health Score for Health Outcomes in Patients with PCI: Comparison between Life's Simple 7 and Life's Essential 8.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Association between tobacco smoking and heart disease in older adults: a cross-sectional study based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Burden of current and past smoking across 28 European countries in 2017: A cross-sectional analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Role of Air Pollution and rs10830963 Polymorphism on the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2020Article
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6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCigarette smoking is an established, strong, and modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, little research has investigated CHD risk in former smokers who continue to be exposed to others' cigarette smoke (former & secondhand smokers).
methodsIn the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a prospective population-based cohort (n=20,069) was followed up for a median period of 14.6 years. A subset of 8,050 participants of 30 years of age and older was analyzed, with first CHD events as the study outcome. Participants were categorized as never, former, current, secondhand, and former & secondhand smokers. Data on smoking intensity (cigarette/d) were also collected. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to estimate the risk of CHD, taking into account the main potential confounders.
resultsThe mean age of participants was 46.10 ±11.38 years, and they experienced 1,118 first CHD events (with most CHD cases in former smokers) during the follow-up period. The risk of CHD was highest in current smokers, followed in order by former & secondhand, former, and secondhand smokers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 2.39; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.08; HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.72; HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.51, respectively), compared to never smokers. The risk of CHD increased with smoking intensity, which has been proposed as a preferable measure of smoking, indicating a dose-response pattern.
conclusionsThe elevated risk of CHD in former & secondhand smokers was a noteworthy finding, with possible implications for health policy; however, further research is needed.
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