ArticlePloS one2020
Multi-panel immunofluorescence analysis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in triple negative breast cancer: Evolution of tumor immune profiles and patient prognosis.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-cell multiomics reveals exosome-mediated reprogramming and clonotypic remodeling of T cells in triple-negative breast cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Prescription FINO2 and Pirfenidone Supported in Reducing Fibrosis in Mouse Breast Tumor Tissue by Targeting SLC7A11 and HMOX1.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Organ-Specific Immune Setpoints Underlie Divergent Immune Profiles across Metastatic Sites in Breast Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2024Article
- Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer.The Journal of pathology · 2024Review
- Exploring the role of metabolic pathways in TNBC immunotherapy: insights from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a prognosis biomarker in Colombian patients with triple negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Pitfalls in machine learning-based assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast CancerThe Journal of pathology · 2023Review
- Article
- Thrombospondin-2 acts as a bridge between tumor extracellular matrix and immune infiltration in pancreatic and stomach adenocarcinomas: an integrative pan-cancer analysis.Cancer cell international · 2022Article
- Determining PD-L1 Status in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Lessons Learned From IMpassion130.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
- Dissecting Tumor-Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer at a Spatial and Multiplex Resolution.Cancers · 2022Review
- Immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: Insights into tumor immune landscape and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Seeing the forest and the tree: TILs and PD-L1 as immune biomarkers.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2021Review
- Article
- Safety and Feasibility of Radiotherapy Plus Camrelizumab for Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.The oncologist · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Mediated by Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity.Cancers · 2021Review
- Myeloid and T-Cell Microenvironment Immune Features Identify Two Prognostic Sub-Groups in High-Grade Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The evolutionary changes in immune profiles of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are not well understood, although it is known that immune checkpoint inhibitors have diminished activity in heavily pre-treated TNBC patients. This study was designed to characterize immune profile changes of longitudinal tumor specimens by studying immune subsets of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in paired primary and metastatic TNBC in a cohort of "poor outcome" (relapsed within 5 years) patients. Immune profiles of TNBCs in a cohort of "good outcome" (no relapse within 5 years) patients were also analyzed. Immune subsets were characterized for CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD20, CD33, and PD1 using immuno-fluorescence staining in stroma, tumor, and combined stroma and tumor tissue. TIL subsets in "good outcome" versus "poor outcome" patients were also analyzed. Compared with primary, metastatic TNBCs had significantly lower TILs by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Stromal TILs (sTILs), but not tumoral TILs (tTILs) had significantly reduced cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs), PD1+ CTLs, and total PD1+ TILs in metastatic compared with matched primary TNBCs. Higher PD1+ CTLs, PD1+CD4+ helper T cells (PD1+TCONV) and all PD1+ T cells in sTILs, tTILs and total stromal and tumor TILS (s+tTIL) were all associated with better prognosis. In summary, TIL subsets decrease significantly in metastatic TNBCs compared with matched primary. Higher PD1+ TILs are associated with better prognosis in early stage TNBCs. This finding supports the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors early in the treatment of TNBCs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.