ArticlePLoS pathogens2020
Structure of mouse coronavirus spike protein complexed with receptor reveals mechanism for viral entry.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05162482 (Immunogenicity and Safety of Heterologous Combinations of COVID-19 Vaccines Available Under Emergency Use Authorization in Pakistan), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immunogenicity and Safety of Heterologous Combinations of COVID-19 Vaccines Available Under Emergency Use Authorization in Pakistan: A Randomized Phase II Trial
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dipeptidase 1 is a functional receptor for a porcine coronavirus.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Structural and functional constraints on spike activation and host protease utilization limit cell entry of SARS-CoV-2-related bat coronaviruses.Journal of virology · 2025Article
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- Human coronavirus HKU1 spike structures reveal the basis for sialoglycan specificity and carbohydrate-promoted conformational changes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Design of customized coronavirus receptors.Nature · 2024Article
- Mechanism and complex roles of HSC70/HSPA8 in viral entry.Virus research · 2024Review
- Genetic loci regulate Sarbecovirus pathogenesis: A comparison across mice and humans.Virus research · 2024Article
- Research Advances on Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Development of a two-component recombinant vaccine for COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Lys417 acts as a molecular switch that regulates the conformation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.eLife · 2023Article
- Molecular recognition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with three essential partners: exploring possible immune escape mechanisms of viral mutants.Journal of molecular modeling · 2023Article
- What do we know about the function of SARS-CoV-2 proteins?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Glycan-Binding Trait of the Sarbecovirus Spike N-Terminal Domain Reveals an Evolutionary Footprint.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Bio-Guided Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors from Medicinal Plants: In Vitro Assay and Molecular Dynamics.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The regulatory role of eosinophils in viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Review
- Host Kinase CSNK2 is a Target for Inhibition of Pathogenic SARS-like β-Coronaviruses.ACS chemical biology · 2022Article
- Reviving the mutual impact of SARS-COV-2 and obesity on patients: From morbidity to mortality.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- Inter-domain communication in SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins controls protease-triggered cell entry.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Evaluation of biochemical characteristics of 183 COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study.Gene reports · 2022Article
- COVID-19 diagnosis by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein detection in saliva using an ultrasensitive magneto-assay based on disposable electrochemical sensor.Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical · 2022Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Coronaviruses recognize a variety of receptors using different domains of their envelope-anchored spike protein. How these diverse receptor recognition patterns affect viral entry is unknown. Mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) is the only known coronavirus that uses the N-terminal domain (NTD) of its spike to recognize a protein receptor, CEACAM1a. Here we determined the cryo-EM structure of MHV spike complexed with mouse CEACAM1a. The trimeric spike contains three receptor-binding S1 heads sitting on top of a trimeric membrane-fusion S2 stalk. Three receptor molecules bind to the sides of the spike trimer, where three NTDs are located. Receptor binding induces structural changes in the spike, weakening the interactions between S1 and S2. Using protease sensitivity and negative-stain EM analyses, we further showed that after protease treatment of the spike, receptor binding facilitated the dissociation of S1 from S2, allowing S2 to transition from pre-fusion to post-fusion conformation. Together these results reveal a new role of receptor binding in MHV entry: in addition to its well-characterized role in viral attachment to host cells, receptor binding also induces the conformational change of the spike and hence the fusion of viral and host membranes. Our study provides new mechanistic insight into coronavirus entry and highlights the diverse entry mechanisms used by different viruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.