ArticlePloS one2020
Empowering self-help groups for caregivers of children with disabilities in Kilifi, Kenya: Impacts and their underlying mechanisms.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to Improve the Mental Health of Mothers of Children with a Disability: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Description of Interventions.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of the Akwenda Intervention Program for cerebral palsy on caregiver-perceived burden, stress, and psychosocial functioning: A cluster-randomized trial in Uganda.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Trial
- Encouraging positive psychology among adults with physical disabilities through caregiver collaboration: a community-based quasi-experimental study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Understanding the Impact of Early Childhood and Primary Education for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities on Parents in Nigeria.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Family-Centred Care among Caregivers of Children with Disabilities in Selected Paediatric Rehabilitation Centres in Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2025Article
- The Sustainability of Self-Help Groups for Caregivers of Children With Disabilities in Kilifi, Kenya: The Changing Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Child: care, health and development · 2025Article
- Centering caregiver voices on caregiving needs of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in low-resource settings.PloS one · 2025Article
- Supporting caregivers of children living with disability in a humanitarian context: realist-informed evaluation of the 'BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Creating Family-Centred Support for Children with Developmental Disabilities in Africa: Examples of Local Community Interventions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Benefits of being part of a support group for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities: a qualitative study.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2024Article
- Creating Family-Centred Support for Preschoolers with Developmental Disabilities in Low-Income Countries: A Rapid Review to Guide Practitioners.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Conceptualising the empowerment of caregivers raising children with developmental disabilities in Ethiopia: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- 'I bring her up with love:' Perspectives of caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental delays in western Kenya.Child: care, health and development · 2023Article
- Needs assessment of caregivers of children with disabilities in resource-limited settings.Journal of rural medicine : JRM · 2022Article
- Child disability and family-centred care in East Africa: Perspectives from a workshop with stakeholders and health practitioners.African journal of disability · 2022Article
- Illuminating the empowerment journey of caregivers of children with disabilities: Understanding lessons learnt from Ghana.African journal of disability · 2020Article
- Needs of families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Addis Ababa.African journal of disability · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bringing up a child with disabilities in a low-income setting is challenged by inadequate resources, limited psycho-social support and poverty. Not surprisingly, many caregivers experience fatigue, distress and isolation. To address and investigate these issues, action was taken to set up twenty self-help groups focusing on caregiver empowerment. A realist evaluation design was adopted to evaluate impacts associated with the self-help process and to identify mechanisms determining the outcomes. Monthly monitoring visits were conducted to the groups during a ten-month set-up period, at the end of which eleven active groups remained, nine having dissolved due to disputes, corruption and extreme environmental conditions. A facilitated intervention was delivered to the active groups (N = 154) over a six-month period. The members were guided to review and discuss topics such as economic empowerment, personal situation, peer support, community inclusion, access to health and education. Evaluation employed mixed methods using questionnaires (n = 75) and semi-structured interviews (n = 36) pre- and post-intervention. At baseline, the burden of caregiving was characterised by aloneness, challenges, stigma and discrimination. Post-intervention, caregiver agency was defined by togetherness, capacity-building, acceptance and well-being. Significant impacts associated with caregiver perceptions included increased social support, reduced severity of child's disability and decreased effects of extrinsic factors affecting the caregiver's role. Mechanisms of 'handling goods and money' and 'social ties and support' appeared to underpin the outcomes. Caregiver empowerment was associated with newly developed skills, social connectedness and resource mobilisation. Documentation of group processes contributes to the evidence on community-based inclusive development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.