Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2021
Longitudinal Association Between Smoking Abstinence and Depression Severity in Those With Baseline Current, Past, and No History of Major Depressive Episode in an International Online Tobacco Cessation Study.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between smoking cessation and depressive symptoms according to cessation duration, pack-years, and tobacco product type: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Korea.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Smoking Cessation Medication Prescribing for Smokers With and Without Mental Illness.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Smoking Patterns and Anxiety Factors Among Women Expressing Perinatal Depression.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Long-term participation in community-based group resistance exercises delays the transition from robustness to frailty in older adults: a retrospective cohort study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWe use multilevel modeling to parse out the effects of time-varying smoking abstinence and baseline depression (history and severity) on depression severity over 1 year. AIMS AND
methodsParticipants were 1000 smokers recruited worldwide for an online randomized controlled tobacco cessation trial. We examined whether changes in depression severity over time were associated with self-reported 7-day point prevalence smoking status assessed at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up (FU) using baseline major depressive episode (MDE) history and baseline depression severity as time-invariant covariates. We present depression severity means and smoking abstinence at each FU.
resultsRegardless of concurrent abstinence status, baseline MDE history was significantly related to depression severity over time: those reporting a past MDE had worse depressive symptoms over time compared with those reporting no MDE history. Baseline depression severity interacted significantly with time-varying abstinence status: for every 1-unit increase in baseline scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), individuals who were smoking at FU reported CES-D scores that were 0.17 points higher than those who were abstinent. In this context, nicotine dependence, gender, age, or marital status did not affect depression severity.
conclusionsIn the context of cessation, having an MDE history plays a significant role in the trajectory of depression severity over the course of 1 year, regardless of abstinence status. Abstinence is related to lower depressive symptoms at each FU, and this effect was stronger at higher levels of baseline depression severity. IMPLICATIONS: This study indicates that depressive symptoms are not exacerbated among individuals who are quitting smoking at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month FUs. Depression severity is worse with a baseline history of MDE. Further, those with high baseline depression severity who continue smoking have worse depressive symptoms throughout a 1-year period compared with their abstinent counterparts.
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