ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2021
Exploring the Point-of-Sale Among Vape Shops Across the United States: Audits Integrating a Mystery Shopper Approach.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- E-Cigarette Sales to School-Uniformed Adolescents in China: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Mystery shopping of tobacco, nicotine and alcohol products in 20 European countries: a cross-sectional study in the JAPreventNCD project.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Adapting the Tobacco Pack Surveillance System Protocol to Assess Electronic Cigarette Packaging: Protocol for a Content Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Minimum Legal Sales Age for e-Cigarettes: a Qualitative Study on the Implementation of Model Policy Components.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Where Do E-cigarette Users Buy Their E-cigarette Products? Results From a Nationally Representative Sample of Adult E-cigarette Users in the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Concurrent availability of cannabinoid and tobacco products in licensed tobacco retailers in three U.S. cities.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Cannabis Access by Retailer Type in New York.Pediatrics · 2025Article
- E-cigarette access and age verification among adolescents, young adults, and adults.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Neighborhood demographics in relation to marketing and regulation-related factors among cannabis retailers in 5 US cities.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Highly-sensitive detection of CP-type synthetic cannabinoids from e-cigarettes by a novel Zn/Bi bimetallic organic framework-derived ZnO-BiMikrochimica acta · 2024Article
- Vape store density and proximity to schools in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Changes in online marketing and sales practices among non-medical cannabis retailers in 5 US cities, 2022 to 2023.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- An observational study of the marketing practice of e-cigarette specialty stores in two large cities in China: Is there potential to normalize the use of e-cigarettes?Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Cannabis Retailer Communication About Cannabis Products, Health Benefits, and Risks: A Mystery Shopper Study of Licensed Retailers in Five U.S. Cities.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2024Article
- Underage sales signage in vape shops: Comparison of stores near and far from California colleges.Journal of American college health : J of ACH · 2023Article
- Cannabis retailer marketing strategies and regulatory compliance: A surveillance study of retailers in 5 US cities.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Changes in the Point-of-Sale Among Vape Shops in Six U.S. Metropolitan Areas Over Time, 2018-2021.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Flavored Tobacco Sales Restrictions and Teen E-cigarette Use: Quasi-experimental Evidence From California.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- An Assessment of Vape Shop Products in California before and after Implementation of FDA and State Regulations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- State T21, Restrictions on Flavored E-Cigarette Products, and Non-Medical Cannabis Sales Legalization in Relation to Young Adult Reports of Vape Shop Age Verification and Product Offerings: A Multilevel Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionVape shops represent prominent, unique retailers, subject to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation in the United States. AIMS AND
methodsThis study assessed compliance of US vape shop retail marketing strategies with new regulations (eg, required age verification, prohibited free samples) and pre-implementation conditions for other regulations (eg, health warning labels on all nicotine products, required disclosures of e-liquid contents).
results95.0% of shops displayed minimum-age signage; however, mystery shoppers were asked for age verification at 35.6% upon entry and at 23.4% upon purchase. Although 85.5% of shops had some evidence of implementing FDA health warnings, 29.1% had signage indicating prohibited health claims, 16.3% offered free e-liquid samples, 27.4% had signage with cartoon imagery, and 33.3% were within two blocks of schools. All shops sold open-system devices, 64.8% sold closed-system devices, 68.2% sold their own brand of e-liquids, 42.5% sold e-liquids containing cannabidiol, 83.2% offered price promotions of some kind, and 89.9% had signage for product and price promotions.
conclusionsResults indicated that most shops complied with some implementation of FDA health warnings and with free sampling bans and minimum-age signage. Other findings indicated concerns related to underage access, health claims, promotional strategies, and cannabidiol product offerings, which call for further FDA and state regulatory/enforcement efforts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.