ArticleJournal of ginseng research2020
Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and compound K after single or multiple administration of red ginseng extract in human beings.
Article in Journal of ginseng research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
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- Dual-targeted liposomes delivering ginsenoside CK attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing PANoptosis via O-GlcNAcylation of RIPK1/RIPK3.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Ginsenosides in Modern Pharmaceutics: Mechanisms, Applications, Challenges, and Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The treatment of selected traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and their metabolites for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from basic science discovery to the clinic.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Pseudoginsenoside-F11: a comprehensive review of chemical structure, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
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- Ginseng and its active compounds in ovarian aging: mechanistic basis and translational prospects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Potential ofChinese herbal medicines · 2025Review
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- Red ginseng extract enhances mitochondrial function and alleviates immunosenescence in T cells.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
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- Protopanaxadiol improves lupus nephritis by regulating the PTX3/MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway.Journal of natural medicines · 2024Article
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- Advancements and challenges in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic research on the traditional Chinese medicine saponins: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Ginsenoside Rc: A potential intervention agent for metabolic syndrome.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2023Review
- Pharmacokinetic Profiling of Ginsenosides, Rb1, Rd, and Rg3, in Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Gut Microbiota Alterations: Implications for Variability in the Therapeutic Efficacy of Red Ginseng Extracts.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ginsenosides Extracted from Forest-Grown WildFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe investigated the tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of various ginsenosides, including Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and compound K, after single or multiple administrations of red ginseng extract in human beings.
methodsRed ginseng extract (dried ginseng > 60%) was administered once and repeatedly for 15 days to 15 healthy Korean people. After single and repeated administration of red ginsengextract, blood sample collection, measurement of blood pressure and body temperature, and routine laboratory test were conducted over 48-h test periods.
resultsRepeated administration of high-dose red ginseng for 15 days was well tolerated and did not produce significant changes in body temperature or blood pressure. The plasma concentrations of Rb1, Rb2, and Rc were stable and showed similar area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values after 15 days of repeated administration. Their AUC values after repeated administration of red ginseng extract for 15 days accumulated 4.5- to 6.7-fold compared with single-dose AUC. However, the plasma concentrations of Rd and compound K showed large interindividual variations but correlated well between AUC of Rd and compound K. Compound K did not accumulate after 15 days of repeated administration of red ginseng extract.
conclusionA good correlation between the AUC values of Rd and compound K might be the result of intestinal biotransformation of Rb1, Rb2, and Rc to Rd and subsequently to compound K, rather than the intestinal permeability of these ginsenosides. A strategy to increase biotransformation or reduce metabolic intersubject variability may increase the plasma concentrations of Rd and compound K.
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