ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2021
Dissecting the Racial/Ethnic Disparity in Frailty in a Nationally Representative Cohort Study with Respect to Health, Income, and Measurement.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reporting race and ethnicity in aging in place research: A systematic review.The Gerontologist · 2026Pooled it
- Interplay between frailty and cardiometabolic disorders: from pathophysiology to clinical implications.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review of the Association of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score with Mortality in Patients with Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease.Current cardiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- The contribution of social and economic factors to accelerated biological aging differences between non-Hispanic Black and White adults in the Health and Retirement Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Association of gut microbiome with mobility impairment in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Frailty phenotype in adults with sickle cell disease.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Glycemic control in the context of frailty: a mortality risk assessment in older diabetic patients.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Analysis of the prevalence of frailty and its influential factors among the rural elderly from the Yi and Hani ethnic groups in border areas of Yunnan Province.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Reconstruction of a Risk Analysis Tool That Uses Nursing Data for Frailty Assessment Among Older Adults: Derivation and Internal Evaluation Study.JMIR aging · 2025Observational
- Mobility Device Use and Frailty Progression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mobility Limitations.Journal of aging and health · 2025Article
- The development of frailty trajectories in world trade center general responders and the association with World Trade Center Exposure.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2025Article
- Area Deprivation Index and Frailty Among Older People With HIV.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025Article
- Gerontologic Biostatistics and Data Science: Aging Research in the Era of Big Data.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Review
- What contributes to older Korean American immigrants becoming frail? A qualitative study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities in Frailty Distribution: A Cross-National Comparison of the United States and England.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Aging, Race, and Health Disparities: Recommendations From the Research Centers Collaborative Network.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Clinical Application of Frailty in the Evaluation of Solid Organ Transplant Patients.Current transplantation reports · 2024Article
- Differences in preoperative frailty assessment of surgical candidates by sex, age, and race.Surgery open science · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Frailty in Older Adults in Community and Nursing Home Settings: A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The association between neighborhood disadvantage and frailty: A retrospective case series.Journal of public health research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRacial/ethnic frailty prevalence disparities have been documented. Better elucidating how these operate may inform interventions to eliminate them. We aimed to determine whether physical frailty phenotype (PFP) prevalence disparities (i) are explained by health aspects, (ii) vary by income, or (iii) differ in degree across individual PFP criteria.
methodsData came from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study baseline evaluation. The study sample (n = 7,439) included persons in all residential settings except nursing homes. Logistic regression was used to achieve aims (i)-(iii) listed above. In (i), health aspects considered were body mass index (BMI) status and number of chronic diseases. Analyses incorporated sampling weights and adjusted for sociodemographic factors.
resultsComparisons are versus non-Hispanic whites: Non-Hispanic blacks (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.76) and Hispanics (1.56, 1.20-2.03) continued to have higher odds of frailty after accounting for BMI status and number of chronic diseases. Non-Hispanic blacks had elevated odds of frailty in all income quartiles, including the highest (OR = 2.19, 1.24-3.397). Racial/ethnic disparities differed considerably across frailty criteria, ranging from a twofold increase in odds of slowness to a 25%-30% decrease in odds of self-reported exhaustion.
conclusionsBMI and disease burden do not explain racial/ethnic frailty disparities. Black-white disparities are not restricted to low-income groups. Racial/ethnic differences vary considerably by NHATS PFP criteria. Our findings support the need to better understand mechanisms underlying elevated frailty burden in older non-Hispanic black and Hispanic Americans, how phenotypic measures capture frailty in racial/ethnic subgroups and, potentially, how to create assessments more comparable by race/ethnicity.
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Registered trials
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