ReviewAdvances in chronic kidney disease2020
The Many Faces of Calcineurin Inhibitor Toxicity-What the FK?
Review in Advances in chronic kidney disease, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07551531 (GraftAssure Lowering Allograft rejeCTIon by Combination-), which is not on this map. Cited by 127 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
GraftAssure Lowering Allograft rejeCTIon by Combination- (GALACTIC) Trial: A Multi-Center Registry Study Assessing Transplanted Kidney Status
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 205 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of mTOR Inhibitors in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review.Paediatric drugs · 2024Pooled it
- II Brazilian Society of Rheumatology consensus for lupus nephritis diagnosis and treatment.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2024Guideline
- Trial
- Abatacept for the treatment of myositis-associated interstitial lung disease.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Cognitive function after kidney transplantation: longitudinal trajectories, associated factors, and clinical outcomes-a systematic review.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
- Comparison of efficacy and safety among four therapeutic regimens in primary membranous nephropathy with high anti-PLA2R antibody titers: a single-center retrospective cohort study.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Neurocognitive and Motor Performance in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Cross-Sectional Controlled Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Are We Winning at Twinning? Persistent CNI Use in Identical Kidney Transplants.Clinical transplantation · 2026Article
- Drug-Drug Interactions Between Oral Anticoagulants and Calcineurin Inhibitors in Nephrotic Syndrome for Management of Thromboembolism.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mangiferin mitigates tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via modulation of oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, VEGF signaling, and PI3K/AKT/PTEN-mediated autophagy and apoptosis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Proteinuria and Renal Function Parameters in Non-Diabetic Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on 12-Month Follow-Up Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Breaking the Calcium Overload Cycle in Acute Pancreatitis: Emerging Pharmacological Strategies.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Uric Acid and Chronic Kidney Disease.Kidney medicine · 2026Review
- CRAC channels as targets for immunotherapy.Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical outcomes of solid organ transplant patients after total joint arthroplasty: a propensity-matched analysis.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026Article
- Resolving the ambiguous binding site of quercetin at the calcineurin subunit junction using funnel metadynamics with deep learning collective variables.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- A novel strategy to prolong heart allograft survival in a mouse model using soluble programmed death ligand-1 combined with tacrolimus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Finerenone in kidney transplantation: an underinvestigated agent: review of available evidence, existing gaps, and future directions.Clinical transplantation and research · 2026Review
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Cellular Metabolism in Calcineurin Inhibitor-Induced Kidney Fibrosis.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Article
- Ongoing and Novel Challenges in Kidney Transplantation: Therapeutic Approaches to Non-Immunological Risk Factors for Allograft Loss.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are both the savior and Achilles' heel of kidney transplantation. Although CNIs have significantly reduced rates of acute rejection, their numerous toxicities can plague kidney transplant recipients. By 10 years, virtually all allografts will have evidence of CNI nephrotoxicity. CNIs have been strongly associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and new onset of diabetes after transplantation-significantly contributing to cardiovascular risk in the kidney transplant recipient. Multiple electrolyte derangements including hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria, metabolic acidosis, and hyperuricemia may be challenging to manage for the clinician. Finally, CNI-associated tremor, gingival hyperplasia, and defects in hair growth can have a significant impact on the transplant recipient's quality of life. In this review, the authors briefly discuss the pharmacokinetics of CNI and discuss the numerous clinically relevant toxicities of commonly used CNIs, cyclosporine and tacrolimus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.