ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Robust and replicable measurement for prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The choice-wide behavioral association study: data-driven identification of interpretable behavioral components.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pre-Pulse Inhibition of an escape response in adult fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Intergenerational influences of paternal combat-related trauma on offspring behavioral and brain function.Neurobiology of stress · 2025Article
- Comprehensive behavioral characterization and impaired hippocampal synaptic transmission in R1117X Shank3 mutant mice.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Dysregulation of the mTOR-FMRP pathway and synaptic plasticity in an environmental model of ASD.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Postnatal environment affects auditory development and sensorimotor gating in a rat model for autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Not a Deficit, Just Different: Prepulse Inhibition Disruptions in Autism Depend on Startle Stimulus Intensities.eNeuro · 2024Article
- Triple dissociation of visual, auditory and motor processing in mouse primary visual cortex.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Behavioral and transcriptional effects of repeated electroconvulsive seizures in the neonatal MK-801-treated rat model of schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- N-acetylcysteine during critical neurodevelopmental periods prevents behavioral and neurochemical deficits in the Poly I:C rat model of schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Assessing the Cntnap2 knockout rat prepulse inhibition deficit through prepulse scaling of the baseline startle response curve.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- A Custom Solution for Acoustic Startle Response Setup with Spike2-Based Data Acquisition Interface.Methods and protocols · 2023Article
- Article
- Research Progress in the Study of Startle Reflex to Disease States.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Review
- Roadbumps at the Crossroads of Integrating Behavioral andFrontiers in toxicology · 2022Review
- Article
- Hyperexcitability and Homeostasis in Fragile X Syndrome.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Scalable method for micro-CT analysis enables large scale quantitative characterization of brain lesions and implants.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Measuring animal behavior in the context of experimental manipulation is critical for modeling, and understanding neuropsychiatric disease. Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response (PPI) is a behavioral phenomenon studied extensively for this purpose, but the results of PPI studies are often inconsistent. As a result, the utility of this phenomenon remains uncertain. Here, we deconstruct the phenomenon of PPI and confirm several limitations of the methodology traditionally utilized to describe PPI, including that the underlying startle response has a non-Gaussian distribution, and that the traditional PPI metric changes with different stimuli. We then develop a novel model that reveals PPI to be a combination of the previously appreciated scaling of the startle response, as well as a scaling of sound processing. Using our model, we find no evidence for differences in PPI in a rat model of Fragile-X Syndrome (FXS) compared with wild-type controls. These results in the rat provide a reliable methodology that could be used to clarify inconsistent PPI results in mice and humans. In contrast, we find robust differences between wild-type male and female rats. Our model allows us to understand the nature of these differences, and we find that both the startle-scaling and sound-scaling components of PPI are a function of the baseline startle response. Males and females differ specifically in the startle-scaling, but not the sound-scaling, component of PPI. These findings establish a robust experimental and analytical approach that has the potential to provide a consistent biomarker of brain function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.