ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2020
Levels of ankle-brachial index and the risk of diabetes mellitus complications.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness of Foot-Ankle Exercise and Walking Exercise on Foot Neuropathy, Stress, Quality of Life, Blood Sugar Markers, Blood Pressure, Ankle-Brachial Index, and BMI Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients
A Pilot Study of Feasibility and Exploratory Study for a Definitive Randomised Controlled Trial of Foot-Ankle Versus Walking Exercises in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Effects on Neuropathy, Stress, and Quality of Life
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of arterial stiffness and eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Association of arterial stiffness and neuropathy in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of kidney dysfunction on outcomes in peripheral artery disease: A multi-database cohort study.iScience · 2026Article
- The Accessible Vascular Indicators for Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection: The Predictive Value of the Ankle-Brachial Index.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Review
- Peripheral Arterial Disease is Associated with Sensorimotor Peripheral Neuropathy in People with Type 2 Diabetes.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, assessment and prevention.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2023Review
- The association between time in the glucose target range and abnormal ankle-brachial index: a cross-sectional analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality using ankle-brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in patients with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- The Cardiovascular-Mortality-Based Estimate for Normal Range of the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI).Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: Non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular risk.World journal of diabetes · 2021Review
- The effects of foot exercise with audiovisual and group support foot exercises to diabetes mellitus patients.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2021Article
- Use of ABI to detect peripheral arterial disease in diabetes - A recommendation for primary care physicians.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2021Article
- Early detection of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.F1000Research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe sought to compare the association of categorized ankle-brachial index (ABI) with mortality and complications of diabetes in persons with no symptoms of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and in primary cardiovascular disease prevention. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of persons with type 2 diabetes aged 35-85 years, from 2006 to 2011. Data were obtained from the Sistema d'Informació per al Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP
resultsData from 34 689 persons with type 2 diabetes were included. The mean age was 66.2; 51.5% were men; and the median follow-up was 6.0 years. The outcome with the highest incidence was nephropathy, with 24.4 cases per 1000 person-years in the reference category of 1.1≤ABI≤1.3. The incidences in this category for mortality and AMI were 15.4 and 4.1, respectively. In the Cox models, low ABI was associated with increased risk and was significant from ABI lower than 0.9; below this level, the risk kept increasing steeply. High ABI (over 1.3) was also associated with significant increased risk for most outcomes.
conclusionsThe studied categories of ABI were associated with different risks of type 2 diabetes complications in persons asymptomatic for PAD, who were in primary cardiovascular prevention. These findings could be useful to optimize preventive interventions according to the ABI category in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.