ArticlePharmaceutics2020
Cow Milk and Intestinal Epithelial Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles as Systems for Enhancing Oral Drug Delivery.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Drug Delivery Platforms: Current Advances, Applications and Challenges.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Review
- Milk-Derived EVs from Different Animal Sources: An Overview on Their Detection, Isolation and Pleiotropic Exerted Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Bovine Colostrum- and Milk-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exosome-Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy in Cancer: Emerging Synergies and Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancers · 2025Review
- Advances in Intranasal Delivery of Exosomes for Central Nervous System Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Oral Delivery of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide Using Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- A novel scalable method for the production of rennet-treated milk-derived extracellular vesicles for improved curcumin oral delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and microRNAs: Potential Modulators of Intestinal Homeostasis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Methods and Challenges in Purifying Drug-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Review
- Milk-derived exosomes as functional nanocarriers in wound healing: Mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Exosome-based approaches in cancer along with unlocking new insights into regeneration of cancer-prone tissues.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Carrier-free nanoparticles-new strategy of improving druggability of natural products.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Milk-derived extracellular vesicles and gut health.NPJ science of food · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of Their Therapeutic Potentials, Sources, Biodistribution, and Administration Routes.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Milk-derived extracellular vesicles: nature's nanocarriers for drug delivery and therapeutics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic potential of human breast milk-derived exosomes in necrotizing enterocolitis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- Dairy: Friend or Foe? Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicle Preparation and Analysis: A State-of-the-Art Review.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Engineered and Mimicked Extracellular Nanovesicles for Therapeutic Delivery.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Temozolomide and flavonoids against glioma: from absorption and metabolism to exosomal delivery.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ingestion is the preferred way for drug administration. However, many drugs have poor oral bioavailability, warranting the use of injections. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cow milk have shown potential utility in improving oral drug bioavailability. However, EVs produced by intestinal epithelial cells have not been investigated for this application. We compared the capacity of cow milk EVs and intestinal epithelial cell-derived counterparts to enhance oral drug bioavailability. EVs were isolated, fluorescently labelled, and loaded with curcumin (CUR) as a model poorly absorbable drug. These were then characterised before testing in an intestinal model (Caco-2). Epithelial cell-derived EVs showed notably higher cell uptake compared to cow milk EVs. Cell uptake was significantly higher in differentiated compared to undifferentiated cells for both types of EVs. While both milk- and cell-derived EVs improved the cell uptake and intestinal permeability of CUR (confirming oral drug bioavailability enhancement potential), epithelial cell EVs demonstrated a superior effect.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.