ReviewBiochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes2020
Two small, cysteine-rich and cationic antifungal proteins from Penicillium chrysogenum: A comparative study of PAF and PAFB.
Review in Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- WHO Critical Priority Fungi: A Comprehensive Review of Antifungal Resistance, Emerging Therapeutic Strategies, and the Potential of Antifungal Peptides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Morphotype-specific susceptibility toMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides, Bacteriocins and Mycocins as Natural Antimicrobials: Applications in Food Safety, Agriculture and Healthcare.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Screening the γ-core Motif Peptides of Ascomycetous Antifungal Proteins for Antifungal Activity and Potential Therapeutic Applicability.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Functional Characterization of BbroAFP Reveals Its Pleiotropic Antifungal Activity inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Engineering Penicillium expansum antifungal proteins unveils new clues about their mode of action.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Two-Step Engineering of Food-GradeJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ultrasonic and Glycation-Modified Soy Protein Isolate Delivery System Enhances the Antioxidant Activity ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Biocontrol and Growth-Promoting Potential ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The role of Npt1 in regulating antifungal protein activity in filamentous fungi.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Small Disulfide Proteins with Antifungal Impact: NMR Experimental Structures as Compared to Models of Alphafold Versions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Fighting pathogenic yeasts with plant defensins and anti-fungal proteins from fungi.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Navigating the fungal battlefield: cysteine-rich antifungal proteins and peptides from Eurotiales.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2024Review
- A comprehensive review on the medicinally valuable endosymbiotic fungi Penicillium chrysogenum.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- TheMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- DMSO-Induced Unfolding of the Antifungal Disulfide Protein PAF and Its Inactive Variant: A Combined NMR and DSC Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Chemical synthesis of the EPF-family of plant cysteine-rich proteins and late-stage dye attachment by chemoselective amide-forming ligations.RSC chemical biology · 2022Article
- Article
- TheJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Small, Cationic Antifungal Proteins from Filamentous Fungi InhibitMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Q176 secretes the antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) PAF and PAFB, which share a compact disulfide-bond mediated, β-fold structure rendering them highly stable. These two AMPs effectively inhibit the growth of human pathogenic fungi in micromolar concentrations and exhibit antiviral potential without causing cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. The antifungal mechanism of action of both AMPs is closely linked to - but not solely dependent on - the lipid composition of the fungal cell membrane and requires a strictly regulated protein uptake into the cell, indicating that PAF and PAFB are not canonical membrane active proteins. Variations in their antifungal spectrum and their killing dynamics point towards a divergent mode of action related to their physicochemical properties and surface charge distribution. In this review, we relate characteristic features of PAF and PAFB to the current knowledge about other AMPs of different sources. In addition, we present original data that have never been published before to substantiate our assumptions and provide evidences that help to explain and understand better the mechanistic function of PAF and PAFB. Finally, we underline the promising potential of PAF and PAFB as future antifungal therapeutics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.