ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2020
Breastfeeding and childhood obesity: A 12-country study.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Associated with Eating in the Absence of Hunger among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Association Between Food Portions During Complementary Feeding and Later Overweight Risk: Analysis From European Childhood Obesity Project.Pediatric obesity · 2026Trial
- The effect of exclusive breastfeeding levels for the first 6 months on the prevalence of overweight in children under 5 years of age.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- From Risks to Roots: The Multifactorial Etiopathogenesis of Childhood Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Overweight and Childhood Obesity on an Atlantic Island: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Evidence-Based Behavioral Interventions to Improve the Double-Duty Actions Impacting the Dual Burden of Malnutrition: A Scoping Review.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Adipocytokine profiles in maternal obesity: The impact of lipoinflammation on serum, breastmilk, and infant metabolic development.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Association of breastfeeding duration with cardiac structure and function in 4 years old.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Factors affecting continuation of mother's-own-(breast)milk feeding until discharge from the NICU for infants born preterm less than 32 weeks: A cohort study.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- The first 1000 days: the price of inequalities in high and middle-income countries.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Factors Associated with Anthropometry Z-Scores in Exclusively Breastfed Infants Aged 0-6 Months in 10 Cities of China.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Early-Life Factors and Body Mass Index Trajectories Among Children in the ECHO Cohort.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The costs of suboptimal breastfeeding in Ontario, Canada, and potential healthcare resource impacts from improving rates: a pediatric health system costing analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Early Life Determinants of Overweight and Obesity in a Sample of Mexico City Preschoolers.Nutrients · 2025Article
- From Pregnancy to Breastfeeding: The Role of Maternal Exercise in Preventing Childhood Obesity.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Overcoming barriers to gut microbiome development through nutritional factors in the first 1,000 days of life: strategies and implications for preventing non-communicable diseases.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Offspring's exposome: a narrative review on the influence of early-life factors on childhood obesity risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Relationship between breastfeeding duration, lifestyle and obesity in children aged 3-16 years: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Associations between breastfeeding duration and weight status transitions in early childhood.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association between postterm birth and adverse growth outcomes in children aged 3-6 years: A national retrospective cohort study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 13 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity. A multinational cross-sectional study of 4,740 children aged 9-11 years was conducted from 12 countries. Infant breastfeeding was recalled by parents or legal guardians. Height, weight, waist circumference, and body fat were obtained using standardized methods. The overall prevalence of obesity, central obesity, and high body fat were 12.3%, 9.9%, and 8.1%, respectively. After adjustment for maternal age at delivery, body mass index (BMI), highest maternal education, history of gestational diabetes, gestational age, and child's age, sex, birth weight, unhealthy diet pattern scores, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sleeping, and sedentary time, exclusive breastfeeding was associated with lower odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval, CI [0.57, 1.00]) and high body fat (OR 0.60, 95% CI [0.43, 0.84]) compared with exclusive formula feeding. The multivariable-adjusted ORs based on different breastfeeding durations (none, 1-6, 6-12, and > 12 months) were 1.00, 0.74, 0.70, and 0.60 for obesity (P
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.