ReviewJournal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology2020
Limb lengthening history, evolution, complications and current concepts.
Review in Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Aesthetic lower limb lengthening techniques: a systematic review of efficacy, complications, and patient satisfaction.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Pooled it
- Ilizarov method combined with accordion technique for treating long bone defects in the lower limbs: a systematic review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Pooled it
- Burden and Treatment of Achondroplasia: A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Real-World Outcomes of Vosoritide Treatment in Chinese Children with Achondroplasia: The Retrospective Cohort COREV Study.Advances in therapy · 2026Observational
- Premature Consolidation of Regenerated Bone During Limb Lengthening with External Fixation in Achondroplastic Patients: Case Series and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Treatment Efficiency Following Pediatric Tibial Lengthening Using Monolateral External Fixation: The Role of Surgical Planning and Postoperative Complications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating ChatGPT's Role in Patient Education on Distraction Osteogenesis for Limb Lengthening.Cureus · 2026Article
- Characterizing the Limb Lengthening Experience: Length of Stay and Readmission Rates Following Limb Lengthening Surgery.The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · 2026Article
- A Real-Time Mechanical Information Acquisition System and Finite Element Prediction Method for Limb Lengthening: A Pilot In Vivo Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evolution of the ilizarov technique: A scoping review of improvement.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026Article
- Mechanotransduction and musculoskeletal regeneration: Molecular mechanisms and interdisciplinary applications.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Salvage of a Broken Magnetic Tibia Nail with Plate Fixation Without Nail Removal: A Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- 3D printed microporous titanium prosthesis for single implantation or combined with free flap for infected bone defects in the limbs: a single-center retrospective cohort study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vosoritide in children with hypochondroplasia: CANOPY HCH-3 study design.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Effect of distraction length on the morphology of knee cartilage in a rat model of femoral distraction osteogenesis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Impact of the Ilizarov apparatus on external fixation: Current modifications of the 75-year-old orthopedic tool.World journal of orthopedics · 2025Review
- Clinical burden and healthcare resource utilization associated with achondroplasia: a real-world observational, retrospective cohort study.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Observational
- External hinge fixation system for leg lengthening and correction of axial deviations, / Salamehfix 1/. configuration and clinical advantages.International orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Reliability of the single leg stance test for safe removal of external fixator after tibial bone lengthening.Scientific reports · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Limb lengthening continues to be a real challenge to both the patient and the orthopaedic surgeon. Although it is not a difficult operative problem, there is a long and exhausting postoperative commitment which can jeopardize early good results. I aim to review the history, evolution, biology, complications and current concepts of limb lengthening. Ilizarov's innovative procedure using distraction histeogenesis is the mainstay of all newly developing methods of treatment. The method of fixation is evolving rapidly from unilateral external fixator to ring fixator, computer assisted and finally lengthening intramedullary nails. The newly manufactured nails avoid many of the drawbacks of external fixation but they have their own complications. In general, the indications for limb lengthening are controversial. The indications have been extended from lower limb length inequality to upper extremity lengthening, including humeral, forearm and phalangeal lengthening. A wide range in frequency of complications is recorded in the English literature, which may reach up to 100% of cases treated. With developing experience, cosmetic lengthening has become possible using external or internal lengthening devices with an acceptable rate of problems.Level of evidence: V.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.