ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
A Prospective, Population-based Study to Determine the Incidence and Bacteriology of Bacterial Conjunctivitis in Children <2 Years of Age Following 7-Valent and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Sequential Implementation.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical effectiveness and impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease among children with risk conditions: A systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Pneumococcal disease in children in the Middle East and Northern Africa: A systematic literature review of clinical burden, serotype distribution, and vaccination programs.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- High-resolution genomics uncovers region-specific evolution and virulence of ocularMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Uncommon pathogen, common activity:Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Twenty-Year Public Health Impact of 7- and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in US Children.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Review
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBacterial conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae. No population-based data on the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on the incidence of bacterial conjunctivitis have been published. We assessed rate dynamics of overall, pneumococcal, and NTHi conjunctivitis in children aged 2-23 months in southern Israel before and after PCV implementation.
methodsThis is a 12-year prospective, population-based surveillance, from July 2004 through June 2017. Our medical center serves a captive population of approximately 30 000 children < 2 years of age, and its clinical microbiology laboratory processes > 80% of all community-derived cultures, enabling incidence calculation. The 7-valent and 13-valent PCVs (PCV7 and PCV13, respectively) were implemented in the national immunization program in July 2009 and November 2010, respectively. Pneumococci, NTHi, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes were considered pathogens. Continuous annual incidences and incidence rate ratios comparing the PCV13 period (2015-2017) to the pre-PCV period (2004-2008) were calculated.
resultsDisease caused by PCV13 serotypes declined by 93%, without significant replacement with non-PCV13 serotypes. Rates of pneumococcal, NTHi, and overall culture-positive episodes declined by 59%, 41%, and 42%, respectively, while rates of culture-negative and other pathogens episodes did not change significantly. An overall reduction in all submitted culture rates of 35% was observed. This pattern was seen across all ages, including infants aged 2-5 months.
conclusionsPCV7/PCV13 implementation resulted in a marked and significant decline in pneumococcal, NTHi, and overall conjunctivitis rates in children < 2 years of age. The impact on NTHi episodes alludes to the role of pneumococcus-NTHi interaction in conjunctivitis. The impact in infants aged < 6 months suggests herd protection.
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