ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2020
The Gut-Lung Axis in Health and Respiratory Diseases: A Place for Inter-Organ and Inter-Kingdom Crosstalks.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 461 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
461 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 689 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of probiotics on COVID-19 prevention and treatment against mild COVID-19 in outpatient care: A systematic review.Nutrition and health · 2026Pooled it
- Global research trends and thematic evolution of respiratory microbiota in COPD: a bibliometric study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association of fermented dairy consumption with asthma and wheeze risk in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of tuberculosis and its treatment on the lung and gut microbiota: a global systematic review, meta-analysis, and amplicon-based metagenomic meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- The Intriguing Connection Between the Gut and Lung Microbiomes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Respiratory and Gut Microbiome Modification during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of heat-treated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PS23 for individuals with long coronavirus disease-19 syndrome: a double-blinded randomized control pilot study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Gut microbial allies and adversaries in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Effects of xanomeline-trospium on the gut-lung microbiota axis and susceptibility to LPS-induced acute lung injury in male and female mice.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Exploratory integrative analysis of infant gut microbiome and metabolome suggests diet- and microbiome-derived metabolites associated with childhood asthma.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Ecological Patterns of Gut Microbiota During Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-immune-metabolic crosstalk in acute lung injury: integrating the gut-lung axis from mechanism to therapeutic targeting.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Gut-lung axis in chronic respiratory diseases: a narrative review of emerging insights.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- The calf holobiont under challenge: longitudinal microbiota-pathogen dynamics and respiratory health.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): epidemiology, etiology, molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- The Impact of Plant-Derived Foods and Medicines on the Lung-Gut Axis and Microbiota Cross-Talk.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Inhalation of cadmium oxide nanoparticles alters intestinal and pulmonary microbiomes in mice.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Use of Antihistamine Drugs in Colitis: A Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota-Immune System Crosstalk: From Mucosal Architecture to Adaptive Immunity Programming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Occurrence of diarrhea in pediatric bronchopneumonia patients: relevance to nursing management.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
401 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gut and lungs are anatomically distinct, but potential anatomic communications and complex pathways involving their respective microbiota have reinforced the existence of a gut-lung axis (GLA). Compared to the better-studied gut microbiota, the lung microbiota, only considered in recent years, represents a more discreet part of the whole microbiota associated to human hosts. While the vast majority of studies focused on the bacterial component of the microbiota in healthy and pathological conditions, recent works have highlighted the contribution of fungal and viral kingdoms at both digestive and respiratory levels. Moreover, growing evidence indicates the key role of inter-kingdom crosstalks in maintaining host homeostasis and in disease evolution. In fact, the recently emerged GLA concept involves host-microbe as well as microbe-microbe interactions, based both on localized and long-reaching effects. GLA can shape immune responses and interfere with the course of respiratory diseases. In this review, we aim to analyze how the lung and gut microbiota influence each other and may impact on respiratory diseases. Due to the limited knowledge on the human virobiota, we focused on gut and lung bacteriobiota and mycobiota, with a specific attention on inter-kingdom microbial crosstalks which are able to shape local or long-reached host responses within the GLA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.