ArticleBMC nephrology2020
The association of kidney function and cognitive decline in older patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal data analysis.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global trends in chronic kidney disease related cognitive impairment/dementia: a bibliometric analysis (2005-2025).Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Association of Urine Biomarkers of Kidney Tubule Injury and Dysfunction With Frailty Index and Cognitive Function in Persons With CKD in SPRINT.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2021Trial
- Impact of kidney function on biomarkers of neurodegeneration, white matter hyperintensities, and cognition in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Elevated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as a biomarker for cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Association of chronic kidney disease with cognitive impairment risk in middle-aged and older adults: the first longitudinal evidence from CHARLS.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Polyvascular atherosclerosis and renal dysfunction increase the odds of cognitive impairment in vascular disease: findings of the LipidCardio study.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Statins and cognition: Modifying factors and possible underlying mechanisms.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Association of Acute Kidney Injury with the Risk of Dementia: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Processing speed is affected by early impairment in kidney function in the general elder population.BMC nephrology · 2021Article
- Oxidative Stress in Patients with Advanced CKD and Renal Replacement Therapy: The Key Role of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- "Is It Removed During Dialysis?"-Cognitive Dysfunction in Advanced Kidney Failure-A Review Article.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) has been identified as a significant direct marker for cognitive decline, but controversy exists regarding the magnitude of the association of kidney function with cognitive decline across the different CKD stages. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of kidney function with cognitive decline in older patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease, using data from the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER).
methodsData of 5796 patients of PROSPER were used. Strata were made according to clinical stages of CKD based on estimated glomerular filtration rate; < 30 ml/min/1.73m
resultsMean age was 75.3 years and 48.3% participants were male. Mean follow-up was 3.2 years. For all cognitive function tests CKD stage 4 compared to the other stages had the worst outcome at baseline and a trend for faster cognitive decline over time. When comparing stage 4 versus stage 1-2 over time the estimates (95% CI) were 2.23 (0.60-3.85; p = 0.009) for the Stroop-Colour-Word test, - 0.33 (- 0.66-0.001; p = 0.051) for the Letter-Digit-Coding test, 0.08 (- 0.06-0.21; p = 0.275) for the Picture-Word-Learning test with immediate recall and - 0.07 (- 0.02-0.05; p = 0.509) for delayed recall. This association was most present in patients with a history of vascular disease. No differences were found in functional status.
conclusionIn older people with vascular burden, only severe kidney disease (CKD stage 4), but not mild to modest kidney disease (CKD stage 3a and b), seem to be associated with cognitive impairment at baseline and cognitive decline over time. The association of severe kidney failure with cognitive impairment and decline over time was more outspoken in patients with a history of vascular disease, possibly due to a higher probability of polyvascular damage, in both kidney and brain, in patients with proven cardiovascular disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.