ReviewThe lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology2020
Cerebral microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and depression.
Review in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06322212 (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Blood Brain Barrier Improvement - A Randomized Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 380 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Blood Brain Barrier Improvement - A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
380 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 648 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity Adherence in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review Using the COM-B Model and Theoretical Domains Framework.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The intellectual landscape of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes: knowledge structure, research focuses and rising trends.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- The association between metabolically healthy obesity and risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Stress-induced hyperglycemia and mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury without preexisting diabetes: A meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and cognition: A two-step IPD meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the effect of exercise intervention on cognitive function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- A pilot randomized controlled trial of the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on dynamic cerebral autoregulation in older adults with metabolic syndrome.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Liraglutide and Recurrent Stroke by Baseline Insulin Resistance: A Post Hoc Analysis of the LAMP Trial.Stroke · 2026Trial
- Effect of Community-Based Integrated Care for Patients With Diabetes and Depression (CIC-PDD) in China: A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Trial.Diabetes care · 2025Trial
- Diabetic cerebral microvascular disorder: from key pathologies to targeted interventions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- High plasma levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 were associated with depression in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2026Article
- Regional oxygen extraction fraction is higher in older adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity: associations with cognition and metabolic markers.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Impairment: Pathophysiology and Emerging Therapies.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Review
- Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction: Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Plasma biomarkers of vitamin B6 homeostasis and the risk of stroke in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Prescription Sequence Symmetry Analysis of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Neuropsychiatric Conditions.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Metformin Ameliorates Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction via p53/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Dementia in type 2 diabetes: risk factors, disease processes and opportunities for prevention across the lifespan.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Dementia risk across distinct metabolic profiles in the UK Biobank.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Apolipoprotein E ε4 and type 2 diabetes cooperatively accelerate amyloid beta and tau neurodegeneration.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
320 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Adults with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of developing certain brain or mental disorders, including stroke, dementia, and depression. Although these disorders are not usually considered classic microvascular complications of diabetes, evidence is growing that microvascular dysfunction is one of the key underlying mechanisms. Microvascular dysfunction is a widespread phenomenon in people with diabetes, including effects on the brain. Cerebral microvascular dysfunction is also apparent in adults with prediabetes, suggesting that cerebral microvascular disease processes start before the onset of diabetes. The microvasculature is involved in the regulation of many cerebral processes that when impaired predispose to lacunar and haemorrhagic stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and depression. Main drivers of diabetes-related cerebral microvascular dysfunction are hyperglycaemia, obesity and insulin resistance, and hypertension. Increasing amounts of data from observational studies suggest that diabetes-related microvascular dysfunction is associated with a higher risk of stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and depression. Cerebral outcomes in diabetes might be improved following treatments targeting the pathways through which diabetes damages the microcirculation. These treatments might include drugs that reduce dicarbonyl compounds, augment cerebral insulin signalling, or improve blood-brain barrier permeability and cerebral vasoreactivity.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.