ReviewReviews in medical virology2020
Pandemic potential of highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses.
Review in Reviews in medical virology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Genetic Determinants Analysis of PB1 and PB2 Genes in H5N1 Avian Influenza Strains from Romania.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Disentangling the drivers and host-mediated global spread of H7 influenza A virus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Potent efficacy of an NA-targeting antibody against a broad spectrum of H5N1 influenza viruses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Avian Influenza Viruses: Global Panzootic, Host Range Expansion and Emerging One-Health Threats.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Overcoming Challenges in Avian Influenza Diagnosis: The Role of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Poultry Health Monitoring.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- The Next Disease X- H5N6 Avian Influenza's Evolving Threat to Human Health and Chances of Future Global Outbreak: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Epidemiology, Virology, and Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Kazakhstan.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Assessing the spatial risk of wild birds in avian influenza transmission using global risk score.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- A Case Study of Biosafety Considerations and Solutions for Work with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus with Large-Scale Equipment in High Biocontainment.Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association · 2025Article
- Genetic diversity of A(H5N1) avian influenza viruses isolated from birds and seals in Russia in 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Emergence, migration and spreading of the high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5NX of the Gs/Gd lineage into America.The Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- A rapid review of the avian influenza PB2 E627K mutation in human infection studies.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2025Article
- Superior replication, pathogenicity, and immune evasion of a Texas dairy cattle H5N1 virus compared to a historical avian isolate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Human naïve B cells recognize prepandemic influenza virus hemagglutinins.Science immunology · 2025Article
- The H5N6 Virus Containing Internal Genes From H9N2 Exhibits Enhanced Pathogenicity and Transmissibility.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Investigation of human infection with H5N6 avian influenza cases in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2024: a retrospective study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Metabolomic profiling and identification of potential biomarkers of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in chicken.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- The panzootic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sublineage 2.3.4.4b: a critical appraisal of One Health preparedness and prevention.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2024Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 10 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The panzootic caused by A/goose/Guangdong/1/96-lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses has occurred in multiple waves since 1996. From 2013 onwards, clade 2.3.4.4 viruses of subtypes A(H5N2), A(H5N6), and A(H5N8) emerged to cause panzootic waves of unprecedented magnitude among avian species accompanied by severe losses to the poultry industry around the world. Clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses have expanded in distinct geographical and evolutionary pathways likely via long distance migratory bird dispersal onto several continents and by poultry trade among neighboring countries. Coupled with regional circulation, the viruses have evolved further by reassorting with local viruses. As of February 2019, there have been 23 cases of humans infected with clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 viruses, 16 (70%) of which had fatal outcomes. To date, no HPAI A(H5) virus has caused sustainable human-to-human transmission. However, due to the lack of population immunity in humans and ongoing evolution of the virus, there is a continuing risk that clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses could cause an influenza pandemic if the ability to transmit efficiently among humans was gained. Therefore, multisectoral collaborations among the animal, environmental, and public health sectors are essential to conduct risk assessments and develop countermeasures to prevent disease and to control spread. In this article, we describe an assessment of the likelihood of clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) viruses gaining human-to-human transmissibility and impact on human health should such human-to-human transmission occur. This structured analysis assessed properties of the virus, attributes of the human population, and ecology and epidemiology of these viruses in animal hosts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.