ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2020
Minimal PD-1 expression in mouse and human NK cells under diverse conditions.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-1 genetic fate mapping uncovers immune cell diversity mediating the efficacy of combined PD-1 blockade and chemotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- NKG2A-HLA-E axis contributes to an immunosuppressive checkpoint network in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Intratumoral TIGIT blockade augments antitumor responses and bypasses increased functionality of peripheral TIGIT+ NK cells in mouse and human models of bone and soft tissue sarcoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- PD-1-targeted IL-15 mutein activates CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in infection and cancer.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Reprogramming Antitumor Immunity: NK Cell Strategies to Navigate the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Harnessing the Power of CAR-NK Cells for Solid Tumors: Challenges, Innovations, and Future Frontiers in Immunotherapy.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- From tumor immunotherapy to myocardial injury: A mechanistic discussion of immune checkpoint inhibitor‑related myocarditis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Mapping NK cell diversity in response to COVID-19 and mRNA vaccination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Selective HLA knockdown and PD-L1 expression prevent allogeneic CAR-NK cell rejection and enhance safety and anti-tumor responses in xenograft mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Unleashing NK cells for cancer immunotherapy in lung cancer: biologic challenges and clinical advances.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Natural killer cell-based immunotherapy for cancer.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Review
- LAG3 Marks Activated but Hyporesponsive NK Cells.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Natural Killer T Cells Link Stress Hyperglycemia to Cognitive Decline in HFpEF.Circulation research · 2025Article
- NK cells link immune-checkpoint blockade immunotherapy and response in melanoma brain metastases.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Characterization of alternative sPD-1 isoforms reveals that ECD sPD-1 signature predicts an efficient antitumor response.Communications biology · 2025Article
- PD-1 cis-targeted IL-2v in combination with radiotherapy inhibits lung cancer growth and remodels the immune microenvironment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Deep phenotyping of nodal T-cell lymphomas reveals immune alterations and therapeutic targets.Haematologica · 2025Article
- The Functional Role and Prognostic Significance of TIM-3 Expression on NK Cells in the Diagnostic Bone Marrows in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Article
- Comprehensive snapshots of natural killer cells functions, signaling, molecular mechanisms and clinical utilization.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
PD-1 expression is a hallmark of both early antigen-specific T cell activation and later chronic stimulation, suggesting key roles in both naive T cell priming and memory T cell responses. Although significant similarities exist between T cells and NK cells, there are critical differences in their biology and functions reflecting their respective adaptive and innate immune effector functions. Expression of PD-1 on NK cells is controversial despite rapid incorporation into clinical cancer trials. Our objective was to stringently and comprehensively assess expression of PD-1 on both mouse and human NK cells under multiple conditions and using a variety of readouts. We evaluated NK cells from primary human tumor samples, after ex vivo culturing, and from multiple mouse tumor and viral models using flow cytometry, quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), and RNA-Seq for PD-1 expression. We demonstrate that, under multiple conditions, human and mouse NK cells consistently lack PD-1 expression despite the marked upregulation of other activation/regulatory markers, such as TIGIT. This was in marked contrast to T cells, which were far more prominent within all tumors and expressed PD-1. These data have important implications when attempting to discern NK from T cell effects and to determine whether PD-1 targeting can be expected to have direct effects on NK cell functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.