Observational studyAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2020
Hematoma enlargement characteristics in deep versus lobar intracerebral hemorrhage.
Observational study in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing manual and automated methods for extracting perihematomal features in predicting hemorrhage expansion in deep intracerebral hemorrhage.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Functional outcome, five-year survival and burden of disease after size- and location-matched hemorrhagic versus ischemic stroke.Neurological research and practice · 2026Article
- AI assistance improves radiology resident reader performance in CT diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage.La Radiologia medica · 2026Article
- Location-Specific Analysis of Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- [In-hospital management of intracerebral hemorrhage].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2025Review
- Hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage - the right target?Neurological research and practice · 2023Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Association of non-contrast CT markers with long-term functional outcome in deep intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and the Risk of Hematoma Expansion.Annals of neurology · 2022Article
- Patient factors associated with receiving reversal therapy in oral anticoagulant-related intracerebral hemorrhage.Acta neurologica Scandinavica · 2022Observational
- Characteristics of Early Presenters after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of stroke · 2022Article
- A non-contrast computed tomography-based radiomics nomogram for the prediction of hematoma expansion in patients with deep ganglionic intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Quantitative hematoma heterogeneity associated with hematoma growth in patients with early intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Early Prediction of Cerebral Computed Tomography under Intelligent Segmentation Algorithm Combined with Serological Indexes for Hematoma Enlargement after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- Influence of hypertension classification on hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage location.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2021Article
- Association Between Anatomical Location and Hematoma Expansion in Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Location-Specific Radiomics Score: Novel Imaging Marker for Predicting Poor Outcome of Deep and Lobar Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveHematoma enlargement (HE) is associated with clinical outcomes after supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study evaluates whether HE characteristics and association with functional outcome differ in deep versus lobar ICH.
methodsPooled analysis of individual patient data between January 2006 and December 2015 from a German-wide cohort study (RETRACE, I + II) investigating ICH related to oral anticoagulants (OAC) at 22 participating centers, and from one single-center registry (UKER-ICH) investigating non-OAC-ICH patients. Altogether, 1954 supratentorial ICH patients were eligible for outcome analyses, which were separately conducted or controlled for OAC, that is, vitamin-K-antagonists (VKA, n = 1186) and non-vitamin-K-antagonist-oral-anticoagulants (NOAC, n = 107). Confounding was addressed using propensity score matching, cox regression modeling and multivariate modeling. Main outcomes were occurrence, extent, and timing of HE (>33%/>6 mL) and its association with 3-month functional outcome.
resultsOccurrence of HE was not different after deep versus lobar ICH in patients with non-OAC-ICH (39/356 [11.0%] vs. 36/305 [11.8%], P = 0.73), VKA-ICH (249/681 [36.6%] vs. 183/505 [36.2%], P = 0.91), and NOAC-ICH (21/69 [30.4%] vs. 12/38 [31.6%], P = 0.90). HE extent did not differ after non-OAC-ICH (deep:+59% [40-122] vs. lobar:+74% [37-124], P = 0.65), but both patients with VKA-ICH and NOAC-ICH showed greater HE extent after deep ICH [VKA-ICH, deep: +94% [54-199] vs. lobar: +56% [35-116], P < 0.001; NOAC-ICH, deep: +74% [56-123] vs. lobar: +40% [21-49], P = 0.001). Deep compared to lobar ICH patients had higher HE hazard during first 13.5 h after onset (Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.85 [1.03-3.31], P = 0.04), followed by lower hazard (13.5-26.5 h, HR: 0.46 [0.23-0.89], P = 0.02), and equal hazard thereafter (HR: 0.96 [0.56-1.65], P = 0.89). Odds ratio for unfavorable outcome was higher after HE in deep (4.31 [2.71-6.86], P < 0.001) versus lobar ICH (2.82 [1.71-4.66], P < 0.001), and only significant after small-medium (1st volume-quarter, deep: 3.09 [1.52-6.29], P < 0.01; lobar: 3.86 [1.35-11.04], P = 0.01) as opposed to large-sized ICH (4th volume-quarter, deep: 1.09 [0.13-9.20], P = 0.94; lobar: 2.24 [0.72-7.04], P = 0.17).
interpretationHE occurrence does not differ among deep and lobar ICH. However, compared to lobar ICH, HE after deep ICH is of greater extent in OAC-ICH, occurs earlier and may be of greater clinical relevance. Overall, clinical significance is more apparent after small-medium compared to large-sized bleedings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.