ArticleMedicine and pharmacy reports2020
Ultrasound appearance of peripheral nerves in the neck: vagus, hypoglossal and greater auricular.
Article in Medicine and pharmacy reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06200454 (Predictive Value of Neuromuscular Ultrasound of Cranial Nerves in Guillain-Barré Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Predictive Value of Neuromuscular Ultrasound of Cranial Nerves in Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feasibility and safety of same-day discharge after paediatric vagus nerve stimulator implantation for medically intractable epilepsy: a retrospective safety analysis.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Impact of vagus nerve cross-sectional area on electrocardiogram parameters in community-dwelling older adults: The YAHABA study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Sonographic Anatomy and Imaging of the Extracranial Component of the Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII).Journal of medical radiation sciences · 2025Review
- Sonographic anatomy and imaging of the great auricular nerve.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2025Review
- Anatomical variations of the cervical vagus nerve on ultrasonography: a cross-sectional study.Journal of ultrasonography · 2025Article
- Fascicle differentiation of upper extremity nerves on high-resolution ultrasound with multimodal microscopic verification.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Using neural biomarkers to personalize dosing of vagus nerve stimulation.Bioelectronic medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Ultrasound evaluation of vagus nerve cross-sectional area in a community-dwelling elderly Japanese cohort.PloS one · 2023Article
- The cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve is not reduced in Parkinson's disease patients.eNeurologicalSci · 2022Article
- Neurophysiological and ultrasonographic comparative study of autonomous nervous system in patients suffering from fibromyalgia and generalized anxiety disorder.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of vagus nerve variations on neck ultrasonography.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Preoperative ultrasound mapping of the vagus nerve in thyroid surgery.Gland surgery · 2022Article
- Article
- Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the femoral and sciatic nerves. A study of healthy volunteers.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimInformation in ultrasonography about reference values of nerves, particularly of those located in the neck is limited. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the feasibility of direct visualization of the vagus, hypoglossal and greater auricular nerves, testing the method on healthy volunteers and estimate the reference values for two perpendicular diameters and cross-sectional area (CSA).
methodsA prospective study was carried out on 21 healthy volunteers (12 women and 9 men), recording their demographic characteristics. A 13 MHz transducer was used on a Hitachi EUB-8500 machine. The vagus nerve was measured at the bifurcation of common carotid artery (CCA) and at the intersection of the internal jugular vein with omohyoid muscle. The hypoglossal nerve was identified as it crosses the posterolateral border of the mylohyoid muscle in the submandibular space. The auricular nerve was identified on the superficial surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at 1 cm from its posterior margin. The mean CSA on axial scans, nerve width and thickness were determined. The side-to-side and gender differences of the estimated reference values and their correlations with the weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated.
resultsThe mean ultrasound-estimated CSA was measured for the vagus nerve at CCA bifurcation (2.14 ± 0.79 on the left 2.86 ± 1.27 on the right), vagus nerve at the level of omohyoid muscle (2.10 ± 0.06 on the left and 2.43 ± 0.08 on the right), hypoglossal nerve (1.71 ± 0.08 on the left, 1.24 ± 0.06 on the right) and greater auricular nerve (0.90 ± 0.53 on the left and 0.79 ± 0.71 on the right). The vagus nerve was significantly larger on the right side compared to the left side. Larger hypoglossal nerve was observed in men compared to women. Significant correlations were observed between weight and CSA of the greater auricular nerve.
conclusionDirect visualization of the vagus, greater auricular nerve and hypoglossal nerves is feasible. Reference values for the size of the studied nerves at specific anatomic landmarks were established. Side, gender and body weight differences of the nerves CSA were noted.
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