ArticleBMJ open2020
Do employer-sponsored health insurance schemes affect the utilisation of medically trained providers and out-of-pocket payments among ready-made garment workers? A case-control study in Bangladesh.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing intervention effects on healthcare-related financial protection in low- and middle-income countries: a rapid evidence review.Health policy and planning · 2026Review
- The effectiveness of a government-sponsored health protection scheme in reducing financial risks for the below-poverty-line population in Bangladesh.Health policy and planning · 2024Article
- Implementation barriers and remedial strategies for community-based health insurance in Bangladesh: insights from national stakeholders.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Health Insurance and Out-Of-Pocket Expenditure on Health and Medicine: Heterogeneities along Income.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Health sufferings, healthcare seeking behavior, awareness about health insurance, and health related rights of ready made garments workers in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study.Journal of occupational health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveWe estimated the effect of an employer-sponsored health insurance (ESHI) scheme on healthcare utilisation of medically trained providers and reduction of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure among ready-made garment (RMG) workers.
designWe used a case-control study design with cross-sectional preintervention and postintervention surveys. SETTINGS: The study was conducted among workers of seven purposively selected RMG factories in Shafipur, Gazipur in Bangladesh.
participantsIn total, 1924 RMG workers (480 from the insured and 482 from the uninsured, in each period) were surveyed from insured and uninsured RMG factories, respectively, in the preintervention (October 2013) and postintervention (April 2015) period.
interventionsWe tested the effect of a pilot ESHI scheme which was implemented for 1 year. OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures were utilisation of medically trained providers and reduction of OOP expenditure among RMG workers. We estimated difference-in-difference (DiD) and applied two-part regression model to measure the association between healthcare utilisation, OOP payments and ESHI scheme membership while controlling for the socioeconomic characteristics of workers.
resultsThe ESHI scheme increased healthcare utilisation of medically trained providers by 26.1% (DiD=26.1; p<0.01) among insured workers compared with uninsured workers. While accounting for covariates, the effect on utilisation significantly reduced to 18.4% (p<0.05). The DiD estimate showed that OOP expenditure among insured workers decreased by -3700 Bangladeshi taka and -1100 Bangladeshi taka compared with uninsured workers when using healthcare services from medically trained providers or all provider respectively, although not significant. The multiple two-part models also reported similar results.
conclusionThe ESHI scheme significantly increased utilisation of medically trained providers among RMG workers. However, it has no significant effect on OOP expenditure. It can be recommended that an educational intervention be provided to RMG workers to improve their healthcare-seeking behaviours and increase their utilisation of ESHI-designated healthcare providers while keeping OOP payments low.
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