ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Evolution of Life on Earth: tRNA, Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and the Genetic Code.
Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- tRNA‑derived RNAs in hepatic diseases: From biological functions to clinical translation (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- From water to land: evolution of tRNA gene repertoires in photosynthetic organisms.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- The Evolution of the First Code.Genes · 2026Review
- Selection for Molecularly Complementary Modules (MCMs) Drives the Origins and Evolution of Pleiofunctional, Epistatic Interactomes (PEIs).Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Chemical Evolution of Life on Earth.Genes · 2025Review
- On the Origin of Information Dynamics in Early Life.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Intellectual frameworks to understand complex biochemical systems at the origin of life.Nature chemistry · 2025Article
- Alternative Pathways in Astrobiology: Reviewing and Synthesizing Contingency and Non-Biomolecular Origins of Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Life.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Base Pairing Promoted the Self-Organization of Genetic Coding, Catalysis, and Free-Energy Transduction.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The 3 31 Nucleotide Minihelix tRNA Evolution Theorem and the Origin of Life.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Evolution of Life Is a Road Paved with the DNA Quadruplet Symmetry and the Supersymmetry Genetic Code.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Mixed anhydrides at the intersection between peptide and RNA autocatalytic sets: evolution of biological coding.Interface focus · 2023Article
- The binding mode of orphan glycyl-tRNA synthetase with tRNA supports the synthetase classification and reveals large domain movements.Science advances · 2023Article
- "Superwobbling" and tRNA-34 Wobble and tRNA-37 Anticodon Loop Modifications in Evolution and Devolution of the Genetic Code.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- tRNA modification profiles in obligate and moderate thermophilic bacilli.Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions · 2022Article
- Amino Acid Specificity of Ancestral Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Prior to the Last Universal Common Ancestor Commonote commonote.Journal of molecular evolution · 2022Article
- The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Codon Usage in the Minimal Natural Cell.Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere : the journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Life on Earth and the genetic code evolved around tRNA and the tRNA anticodon. We posit that the genetic code initially evolved to synthesize polyglycine as a cross-linking agent to stabilize protocells. We posit that the initial amino acids to enter the code occupied larger sectors of the code that were then invaded by incoming amino acids. Displacements of amino acids follow selection rules. The code sectored from a glycine code to a four amino acid code to an eight amino acid code to an ~16 amino acid code to the standard 20 amino acid code with stops. The proposed patterns of code sectoring are now most apparent from patterns of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase evolution. The Elongation Factor-Tu GTPase anticodon-codon latch that checks the accuracy of translation appears to have evolved at about the eight amino acid to ~16 amino acid stage. Before evolution of the EF-Tu latch, we posit that both the 1st and 3rd anticodon positions were wobble positions. The genetic code evolved via tRNA charging errors and via enzymatic modifications of amino acids joined to tRNAs, followed by tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase differentiation. Fidelity mechanisms froze the code by inhibiting further innovation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.