ArticlePloS one2020
Association of combination statin and antihypertensive therapy with reduced Alzheimer's disease and related dementia risk.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dementia Risk With Combined Statin and Antihypertensive Drugs That Increase Versus Decrease Angiotensin-II Formation: Findings From the 45 and Up Study.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neurovascular coupling and functional connectivity changes through the Alzheimer's disease spectrum: Effects of simvastatin treatment.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Differential Roles of Angiotensin A and Alamandine in Parkinson's Disease: A Therapeutic Perspective on Nonclassical RAS Pathways.Brain and behavior · 2025Review
- What Information do Systemic Pathological Changes Bring to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease?Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Trends in Co-morbid Dementia and Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Uncertainty in the estimated effects of statin initiation on risk of dementia: using a multiverse analysis to assess sources of variability.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Association between low values of mean arterial pressure and impaired cognitive performance in older patients with mild cognitive impairment: cross-sectional preliminary findings from the STRENGTH Project.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Implications of Renin-Angiotensin System Modulators in Alzheimer's Dementia.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Ranuncoside's attenuation of scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice via Nrf2 and NF-ĸB signaling.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Review
- The effect of race and co-morbidities on Alzheimer's disease based on Medicare data.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Does statin use affect amyloid beta deposition and brain metabolism?CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Risk of New-Onset Dementia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Statin Users: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease Is Closely Bound up with Alzheimer's Disease, Especially via the Renin-Angiotensin System.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Network Proximity-based computational pipeline identifies drug candidates for different pathological stages of Alzheimer's disease.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Article
- The Mammalian Cysteine Protease Legumain in Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Microglia and Cholesterol Handling: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Cholesterol Management in Neurology: Time for Revised Strategies?Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Statins in Alzheimer's disease (AD).European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHyperlipidemia and hypertension are modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Approximately 25% of adults over age 65 use both antihypertensives (AHTs) and statins for these conditions. While a growing body of evidence found statins and AHTs are independently associated with lower ADRD risk, no evidence exists on simultaneous use for different drug class combinations and ADRD risk. Our primary objective was to compare ADRD risk associated with concurrent use of different combinations of statins and antihypertensives.
methodsIn a retrospective cohort study (2007-2014), we analyzed 694,672 Medicare beneficiaries in the United States (2,017,786 person-years) who concurrently used both statins and AHTs. Using logistic regression adjusting for age, socioeconomic status and comorbidities, we quantified incident ADRD diagnosis associated with concurrent use of different statin molecules (atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin) and AHT drug classes (two renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-acting AHTs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs), vs non-RAS-acting AHTs).
findingsPravastatin or rosuvastatin combined with RAS-acting AHTs reduce risk of ADRD relative to any statin combined with non-RAS-acting AHTs: ACEI+pravastatin odds ratio (OR) = 0.942 (CI: 0.899-0.986, p = 0.011), ACEI+rosuvastatin OR = 0.841 (CI: 0.794-0.892, p<0.001), ARB+pravastatin OR = 0.794 (CI: 0.748-0.843, p<0.001), ARB+rosuvastatin OR = 0.818 (CI: 0.765-0.874, p<0.001). ARBs combined with atorvastatin and simvastatin are associated with smaller reductions in risk, and ACEI with no risk reduction, compared to when combined with pravastatin or rosuvastatin. Among Hispanics, no combination of statins and RAS-acting AHTs reduces risk relative to combinations of statins and non-RAS-acting AHTs. Among blacks using ACEI+rosuvastatin, ADRD odds were 33% lower compared to blacks using other statins combined with non-RAS-acting AHTs (OR = 0.672 (CI: 0.548-0.825, p<0.001)).
conclusionAmong older Americans, use of pravastatin and rosuvastatin to treat hyperlipidemia is less common than use of simvastatin and atorvastatin, however, in combination with RAS-acting AHTs, particularly ARBs, they may be more effective at reducing risk of ADRD. The number of Americans with ADRD may be reduced with drug treatments for vascular health that also confer effects on ADRD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.