ArticleCancer2020
Global trends in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma incidence from 1993 to 2012.
Article in Cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 176 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
176 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Locoregional therapy combined with systemic therapy (LRT + ST) for unresectable and metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Radiology and oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Atezolizumab Plus Chemotherapy With or Without Bevacizumab in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: Clinical and Biomarker Data From the Randomized Phase II IMbrave151 Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- Pemigatinib in previously treated Chinese patients with locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma carrying FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements: A phase II study.Cancer medicine · 2023Trial
- Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma With or WithoutJCO precision oncology · 2022Trial
- FIGHT-302: first-line pemigatinib vs gemcitabine plus cisplatin for advanced cholangiocarcinoma withFuture oncology (London, England) · 2020Trial
- Evolving precision: Updates in targeted therapy for cholangiocarcinoma.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Mitochondria related gene signature serves as prognosis prediction and risk stratification of cholangiocarcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of liver cancer in a Swedish population-based cohort study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Three-class radiomic differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma on multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- An individualized nomogram for survival prediction in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a population-based analysis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Endobiliary Radiofrequency Ablation in Cholangiocarcinoma: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Liver transplantation in unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and SIRT.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Survival benefit of surgical resection in elderly patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a propensity score-matched analysis.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026Article
- Metformin use and the risk of liver cancer in a Swedish population-based cohort study.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- Cholangiolocellular Component Predicts a Biologically Distinct Subgroup of Mass-Forming Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Genomic landscape of cholangiocarcinoma in India: ethnic variants and implications for targeted therapy.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Predicting perineural invasion of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on CT: a multicenter study.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- Primary Liver Cancer Trends Worldwide and in China: Analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022 Data and Disease Management Implications.Portal hypertension & cirrhosis · 2026Review
- Surgical management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: a narrative review of principles, technical nuances, and emerging strategies.Journal of liver cancer · 2026Review
116 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ECCs) are highly lethal bile duct tumors. Their incidence can be difficult to estimate because of changes in cancer coding over time. No studies to date have examined their global incidence and trends with high-quality topography- and histology-specific cancer registry data. Therefore, this study examined ICC and ECC incidence with the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database.
methodsRegional and national cancer registry data were used to estimate age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-years, 95% confidence intervals, and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) for ICC in 38 countries and for ECC in 33 countries from 1993 to 2012. ICC and ECC trends were tabulated and plotted by country. Rates versus birth cohort by age were plotted, and an age-period-cohort analysis was performed to assess age and cohort incidence rate ratios.
resultsThe highest rates of ICC and ECC were in Asia, specifically South Korea (ASR for ICC, 2.80; ASR for ECC, 2.24), Thailand (ASR for ICC, 2.19; ASR for ECC, 0.71), and Japan (ASR for ICC, 0.95; ASR for ECC, 0.83). Between 1993 and 2012, incidence rates of both ICC and ECC increased in most countries. The largest ASR increases over the study period occurred in Latvia (AAPC, 20.1%) and China (AAPC, 11.1%) for ICC and in Thailand (AAPC, 8.8%) and Colombia (AAPC, 8.5%) for ECC.
conclusionsIn the 20 years examined, ICC and ECC incidence increased in the majority of countries worldwide. ICC and ECC incidence may continue to increase because of metabolic and infectious etiologic factors. Efforts to further elucidate risk factors contributing to these increases in incidence are warranted.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.