Observational studyDrug and alcohol dependence2020
The role of substance use disorders in experiencing a repeat opioid overdose, and substance use treatment patterns among patients with a non-fatal opioid overdose.
Observational study in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mental disorder and opioid overdose: a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Proportion of fentanyl reports in illicit drug seizures and nonfatal overdose emergency department visits in the United States, 2021-2024.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Initiating buprenorphine in New Jersey emergency departments: a mixed methods study.JEM reports · 2026Article
- Timely Receipt of New Medication Treatment After Acute Care Encounters for Opioid Overdose in the U.S. Medicaid Population.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Non-fatal Overdose and Associated Factors Among People Who Use Opioids: Findings From a Cross-sectional Study.Journal of community health · 2025Article
- Association Between Telehealth Initiation Of Stimulant Therapy And New Substance Use Disorder Diagnoses.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2025Article
- Peer Intervention to Link Overdose Survivors to Treatment (PILOT): Protocol for a Multisite, Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted Within the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Long-term opioid therapy trajectories in veteran patients with and without substance use disorder.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Latent class analysis of emergency department patients engaged in telehealth peer recovery support services and associations of identified classes with post-discharge outcomes.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
- Association of medications for opioid use disorder with reduced risk of repeat opioid overdose in Medicaid: A cohort study.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
- Training the next generation of delivery science researchers: 10-year experience of a post-doctoral research fellowship program within an integrated care system.Learning health systems · 2024Article
- Characteristics of Patients Presenting at an Emergency Department for a Heroin Overdose vs Detoxification.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Buprenorphine After Nonfatal Opioid Overdose: Reduced Mortality Risk in Medicare Disability Beneficiaries.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of post-discharge engagement for emergency department patients with opioid use history who received telehealth recovery coaching services.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2023Article
- Changes in Perceptions of First Responders After Witnessing a Drug Overdose: Individual and Contextual Variations Among People Who Use Opioids in West Virginia.Journal of Appalachian health · 2023Article
- The opioid use disorder core outcomes set (OUD-COS) for treatment research: findings from a Delphi consensus study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Opioid overdose survivors: Medications for opioid use disorder and risk of repeat overdose in Medicaid patients.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Adverse childhood experiences are associated with increased overdose risk in predominately Latinx adults seeking treatment for substance use disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Gaps in naloxone ownership among people who inject drugs during the fentanyl wave of the opioid overdose epidemic in New York City, 2018.Substance abuse · 2022Article
- Assessing opioid overdose risk: a review of clinical prediction models utilizing patient-level data.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA non-fatal opioid overdose (NFOO) increases the risk of another overdose and identifies high-risk patients. We estimated the risk of repeat opioid overdose for patients with and without substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses and the change in substance use treatment utilization rates associated with the first NFOO.
methodsWe selected patients (>18 years of age) from Kaiser Permanente Northern California with a NFOO between 2009-2016 (n = 3,992). Cox proportional hazards models estimated the 1-year risk of opioid overdose associated with SUD diagnoses (opioid, alcohol, cannabis, amphetamine, sedative, and cocaine), controlling for patient characteristics. Among patients with an index NFOO, we calculated monthly utilization rates for outpatient substance use services and buprenorphine before and after the index overdose. Interrupted time series models estimated the change in level and trend in utilization rates associated with the index overdose.
resultsApproximately 7.2 % of patients had a repeat opioid overdose during the year after the index NFOO. The only SUD diagnosis significantly associated with greater risk of repeat overdose was opioid use disorder (OUD) (aHR: 1.51; 95 % CI: 1.13-2.01). Before the index overdose, 4.16 % of patients received outpatient substance use services and 1.32 % received buprenorphine. The index overdose was associated with a 5.94 % (standard error: 0.77 %) absolute increase in outpatient substance use services and a 1.29 % (standard error: 0.15 %) increase in buprenorphine.
conclusionPatients with a NFOO and OUD are vulnerable to another overdose. Low initiation rates for substance use treatment after a NFOO indicate a need to address patient, provider, and system barriers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.