ArticlePloS one2020
Clinically significant changes in pain along the Pain Intensity Numerical Rating Scale in patients with chronic low back pain.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 97 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Central Sensitization and Aberrant Nerve Sprouting Possible Explanations for RFA Failure of MBDR in CLBP of FJ Origin: CRF Versus WCRF or PRF-DRG Randomized Clinical Trial
Effects of Different Kinesio Taping Treatments Added to the Physical Therapy Program on Pain, Endurance, Lumbar Proprioception, Mobility and Disability in Patients Diagnosed With Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effects of Lumbar Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness on Clinical, Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- mHealth applications to enhance physical therapy outcomes among adults with chronic non-cancer pain: a scoping review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of mHealth Interventions for Improving the Pain and Disability of Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2023Pooled it
- Psychological interventions for chronic, non-specific low back pain: systematic review with network meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Pooled it
- Foot-Targeted Rehabilitation for Pronation-Related Anterior Knee Pain: A Two-Phase Case-Control Study and Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Manual Therapy Versus Neuromuscular Training Each With Augmented Low-Dye Taping.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026Trial
- Randomized comparative effectiveness study of 1-session vs 8-session online behavioral treatment for chronic pain: protocol for the national PROGRESS study.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Trial
- Effects of different kinesiology taping applications on Pain, muscular Fitness, Proprioception, Mobility, Functionality, and disability in patients with lumbar disc herniation.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Trial
- Eliminating opioid prescriptions from outpatient minimally invasive gynecologic surgery: a randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Online 1-session Empowered Relief in Marfan syndrome and related diseases: a single-arm feasibility and pilot efficacy study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Paddle leads for the treatment of nonsurgical back pain-The DISTINCT study.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2025Trial
- Utilization of telemedicine in conjunction with wearable devices for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of Myofascial Release Combined With Capacitive-Resistive Therapy in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pain research & management · 2025Trial
- Pain neuroscience education improves post-traumatic stress disorder, disability, and pain self-efficacy in veterans and service members with chronic low back pain: Preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial with 12-month follow-up.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of Hybrid Form Impulse Therapy (HFIT) Compared to Traditional Transcutaneous Electronic Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in Patients with Chronic Low Back and Knee Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2024Trial
- Effect of quick simple exercise on non-specific low back pain in Japanese workers: a randomized controlled trial.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2023Trial
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- Trial
- An Educational and Exercise Mobile Phone-Based Intervention to Elicit Electrophysiological Changes and to Improve Psychological Functioning in Adults With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (BackFit App): Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Trial
- Efficacy of a Single-Session "Empowered Relief" Zoom-Delivered Group Intervention for Chronic Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Trial
- The influence of brain metastases on the central nervous system effects of methylnaltrexone: a post hoc analysis of 3 randomized, double-blind studies.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2021Trial
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is the most common cause of chronic pain. Numerous clinical scales are available for evaluating pain, but their objective criteria in the management of LBP patients remain unclear. This study aimed to determine an objective cutoff value for a change in the Pain Intensity Numerical Rating Scale (ΔPI-NRS) three months after LBP treatment. Its utility was compared with changes in six commonly used clinical scales in LBP patients: Pain Disability Assessment Scale (PDAS), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEC), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), EuroQoL 5 Dimension (EQ5D), and Locomo 25. We included 161 LBP patients treated in two representative pain management centers. Patients were partitioned into two groups based on patient's global impression of change (PGIC) three months after treatment: satisfied (PGIC = 1, 2) and unsatisfied (3-7). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore relevant scales in distinguishing the two groups. We found ΔPI-NRS to be most closely associated with PGIC status regardless of pre-treatment pain intensity, followed by ΔEQ5D, ΔPDAS, ΔPSEC, and ΔPCS. The ΔPI-NRS cutoff value for distinguishing the PGIC status was determined by ROC analysis to be 1.3-1.8 depending on pre-treatment PI-NRS, which was rounded up to ΔPI-NRS = 2 for general use. Spearman's correlation coefficient revealed close relationships between ΔPI-NRS and the six other clinical scales. Therefore, we determined cutoff values of these scales in distinguishing the status of ΔPI-NRS≥2 vs. ΔPI-NRS<2 to be as follows: ΔPDAS, 6.71; ΔPSEC, 6.48; ΔPCS, 6.48; ΔAIS, 1.91; ΔEQ5D, 0.08; and ΔLocomo 25, 9.31. These can be used as definitive indicator of therapeutic outcome in the management of chronic LBP patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.