Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32125541›Full record

ReviewCurrent psychiatry reports2020

Gender- and Sex-Based Contributors to Sex Differences in PTSD.

Dorte M Christiansen, Emma T Berke

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current psychiatry reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
140citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
12.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

140 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 266 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. A whole-brain voxel-based analysis of structural abnormalities in PTSD: An ENIGMA-PGC study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder after perinatal loss in fathers: A systematic review.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022
    Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Pooled it
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Alpha-2 Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Yohimbine Potentiates Consolidation of Conditioned Fear.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022
    Trial
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Psilocybin modulates social behaviour in male and female mice in a time-dependent manner.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article

80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dorte M ChristiansenNational Center for Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. dochristiansen@health.sdu.dk.
Emma T BerkeNational Center for Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
University of Southern Denmark · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewSex differences in PTSD are well-established with a 2:1 sex ratio favouring women. Less well-established is the basis of such differences. The purpose of this review is to explore recent research examining potential gender- and sex-based contributors to sex differences in PTSD. RECENT

findingsWe identified 19 studies published since 2015. Masculinity is inconclusively associated with PTSD, but masculine ideals and masculine gender role stress are positively associated with PTSD. Among the sex-related factors, testosterone, oestradiol, progesterone, and ALLO/5α-progesterone ratio are believed to be involved in the development of PTSD. These factors likely affect PTSD risk directly and through epigenetic mechanisms. Findings suggest that gender and sex have multiple ways of affecting PTSD, including gender roles, genetic predisposition, and hormonal influences. These factors work together to put women at a particular risk of developing PTSD. By conducting more research, we may improve prediction, prevention, and treatment of PTSD.

Indexed as

Gender IdentitySex CharacteristicsEpigenesis, GeneticGonadal Steroid HormonesHumansSex DistributionSex FactorsStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticGonadal Steroid HormonesGenderGender rolesGender role stressGonadal hormonesPTSDSex

Identifiers

PMID32125541
OpenAlexW3009204937

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.