SynthesisMemory & cognition2020
Judgments of learning (JOLs) selectively improve memory depending on the type of test.
Synthesis in Memory & cognition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Judgment of Learning Reactivity for Emotional Faces.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Making Judgments of Learning Increases Restudy Choices: Evidence for Reactivity in Metacognitive Control.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Inter-Item Differences in Metacognitive Judgments: Insights into the Collective Wisdomware Underlying These Judgments.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The impact of thought probes and other encoding interruptions on memory.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2026Article
- The Cognitive Mechanisms of the Positivity Reactivity Effect on Word Recognition Memory.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- Instructed learning strategy use eliminates negative reactivity of immediate judgments of learning.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Judgments of learning impair rule-based discovery.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Making judgments of learning (JOLs) for oneself versus others: A review and proposed model.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Review
- A Review of Judgments of Learning and Executive Functions in Spaced Learning: The Enemy of Spacing?Cureus · 2025Review
- Judgments of Learning Reactively Improve Memory by Enhancing Learning Engagement and Inducing Elaborative Processing: Evidence from an EEG Study.Journal of Intelligence · 2024Article
- Judgments of Learning Reactivity on Item-Specific and Relational Processing.Journal of Intelligence · 2024Article
- Exploring the Role of Attentional Reorienting in the Reactive Effects of Judgments of Learning on Memory Performance.Journal of Intelligence · 2023Article
- Delayed Metacomprehension Judgments Do Not Directly Improve Learning from Texts.Journal of Intelligence · 2023Article
- Does Interactive Imagery Influence the Reactive Effect of Judgments of Learning on Memory?Journal of Intelligence · 2023Article
- The Forward Effect of Delayed Judgments of Learning Is Influenced by Difficulty in Memory and Category Learning.Journal of Intelligence · 2023Article
- On the proposed role of metacognition in environment learning: recommendations for research.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2022Review
- When Memory and Metamemory Align: How Processes at Encoding Influence Delayed Judgment-of-Learning Accuracy.Journal of Intelligence · 2022Article
- Instructional Strategies to Enhance Dermoscopic Image Interpretation Education: a Review of the Literature.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2022Review
- Reactivity from judgments of learning is not only due to memory forecasting: evidence from associative memory and frequency judgments.Metacognition and learning · 2022Article
- Application of Internet of Things Combined with Wireless Network Technology in Volleyball Teaching and Training.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
JOL reactivity refers to the finding that making judgments of learning (JOLs) while studying material influences later memory for that material. Findings of JOL reactivity have been mixed, with some experiments reporting changes to memory when participants make JOLs and others finding no influence of JOLs. Soderstrom, Clark, Halamish, and Bjork (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41(2), 553-558, 2015) proposed that JOL reactivity will only occur if the final test is sensitive to the same cues used to inform JOLs. The current study evaluated this account by manipulating the type of final test. In four experiments, participants studied mixed lists of related and unrelated word pairs and either made JOLs or did not make JOLs. Making JOLs generally enhanced memory for related word pairs when a cued-recall test was administered. However, during free recall, JOLs had no influence on memory for target information, likely because cue-target associations (which are used to inform JOLs) are less beneficial in the absence of cues. JOLs improved item recognition memory for words that were studied in related pairs, although the effect was small. Collectively, data from a meta-analysis of these experiments indicate that JOL reactivity depends on the type of final test, with reactivity most likely to occur when the final test is sensitive to the same cues used to inform JOLs. Future work should continue examining different tests and study materials in order to develop a comprehensive theory of JOL reactivity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.