ArticleCritical public health2020
Disadvantaged, Outnumbered, and Discouraged: Women's Experiences as Healthy Volunteers in U.S. Phase I Trials.
Article in Critical public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in macro- and microvascular reactivity - a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Review
- Paving the way towards medicines for women and men.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Ethical Criteria for Improved Human Subject Protections in Phase I Healthy Volunteer Trials.Ethics & human research · 2022Article
- Gendered Logics of Biomedical Research: Women in U.S. Phase I Clinical Trials.Social problems · 2022Article
- Analysis of the reasons for screening failure in phase I clinical trials in China: a retrospective study of the clinical trials screening process.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Paying for Fairness? Incentives and Fair Subject Selection.The American journal of bioethics : AJOB · 2021Article
- Healthy volunteers in US phase I clinical trials: Sociodemographic characteristics and participation over time.PloS one · 2021Article
- Exclusion of Women from Phase I Trials: Perspectives from Investigators and Research Oversight Officials.Ethics & human researchArticle
- Characteristics, Motivations, and Preferences of Healthy Volunteers in Phase I Clinical Trials in Sweden.Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHREArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
While enormous strides have been made in the representation of women in clinical trials, the percentage of women enrolling in Phase I trials still remains low, which both raises public health concerns about the safety of new drugs and social justice concerns regarding their inclusion in research. As part of a longitudinal study of healthy volunteers in the United States, our inquiry aimed to examine impediments to women enrolling in Phase I trials as well as their experiences participating in these studies at residential research clinics. We analyzed 111 semi-structured interviews conducted with 47 women who had enrolled in at least one Phase I trial. Our study indicates that women face discrimination during all stages of their participation in Phase I trials from their ability to qualify for studies, the treatment they receive in the clinic facilities, and a lack of social support. Specifically, we found that (1) study designs disadvantage participants of childbearing potential, (2) women feel vulnerable in the clinic space when outnumbered by men, and (3) heterosexual women are often discouraged from participation by their husbands or significant others. Placing these findings within the scholarly literature on barriers to women's clinical trial participation, we argue that diverse strategies attending both to physiological and social factors are needed to combat inequalities in U.S. Phase I trial participation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.