ArticleScientific reports2020
Conditioned place preference reveals ongoing pain in calves 3 weeks after disbudding.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Procaine, With and Without Epinephrine, Compared to Lidocaine in Local Anesthesia for Calves Before Thermocautery Disbudding.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- The history and future of the cornual nerve block for calf disbudding.JDS communications · 2024Review
- Pilot testing an ethanol cornual nerve block as a long-term analgesic for calf disbudding.JDS communications · 2024Article
- Pain Relief Interventions in Australian Livestock Husbandry: A Review of Animal Welfare and Pain Duration.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Article
- Using the conditioned place preference paradigm to assess hunger in dairy calves: Preliminary results and methodological issues.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2024Article
- Pain pathophysiology and pharmacology of cattle: how improved understanding can enhance pain prevention, mitigation, and welfare.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Exploring the effect of pain on response to reward loss in calves.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Clinical Trial on the Welfare Effects of Administering Meloxicam to 10 to 21 Day Dairy Calves Following Caustic Paste Disbudding.Journal of animal science · 2023Article
- Indication of social buffering in disbudded calves.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Assessing dairy calf response to long-distance transportation using conditioned place aversion.JDS communications · 2022Article
- Habenula activation patterns in a preclinical model of neuropathic pain accompanied by depressive-like behaviour.PloS one · 2022Article
- The Neuroimmune Interface and Chronic Pain Through the Lens of Production Animals.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Methods for Pain Assessment in Calves and Their Use for the Evaluation of Pain during Different Procedures-A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Injury alters motivational trade-offs in calves during the healing period.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold, Tissue Alterations and Horn Growth in Calves after Injection of Isoeugenol or Clove Oil under the Horn Bud.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Organic Dairy Cattle: Do European Union Regulations Promote Animal Welfare?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Review
- Article
- The effect of early burn injury on sensitivity to future painful stimuli in dairy heifers.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-02-11Concerns/Issues about Data · Concerns/Issues about Article · Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Error in Methods · Error in Results and/or Conclusions · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hot-iron disbudding, a routine procedure that prevents horn bud growth through cauterization, is painful for calves. The resulting burns remain sensitive to touch for weeks, but it is unknown whether calves experience ongoing, non-evoked pain. We evaluated conditioned place preference for analgesia in 44 calves disbudded or sham-disbudded 6 hours (Day 0) or 20 days (Day 20) before testing (n = 11/treatment). Calves were conditioned to associate the effects of a lidocaine cornual nerve block with the location and pattern of a visual stimulus, and a control injection of saline with the contrasting stimulus. On Day 0, disbudded calves tended to prefer the lidocaine-paired stimulus over the saline-paired one, suggesting that they found analgesia rewarding. On Day 20, sham calves avoided the lidocaine-paired stimulus, consistent with humans' experience of this drug being painful. Disbudded calves on Day 20 did not show this aversion, suggesting that they traded off the short-term pain of the lidocaine with the longer-term analgesia provided. Day 0 sham calves did not avoid the lidocaine-paired stimulus, likely because they received less than half the dose of Day 20 calves during conditioning. Thus, higher doses of lidocaine are aversive to uninjured animals, but disbudded calves are willing to engage in this cost. We conclude that calves experience ongoing pain 3 weeks after disbudding, raising additional welfare concerns about this procedure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.