ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2020
Neurologic syndromes related to anti-GAD65: Clinical and serologic response to treatment.
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 109 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- Systematic Review of Immune and Symptomatic Treatments for Stiff-Person Syndrome.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Suspected encephalitis in adults.Practical neurology · 2026Review
- Choroid Plexus Abnormalities in Autoimmune Encephalitis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies in small fiber neuropathy: frequency and clinical features associated with antibodies to the novel targets MX1 and DBNL.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- [Clinical spectrum, neuroimaging and therapeutic response to neurological syndromes associated with anti-GAD65].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Review
- Autoimmune Encephalitis in Acute Care-Pathology, Diagnosis, and Management.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Current and Future Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Review of Biomarker Detection Techniques and Their Performance.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Long-Term Outcomes in Stiff Person Spectrum Disorder.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Comorbidity Between Anti-GAD65 Autoimmune Encephalitis and Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Immune cell profiling reveals expanded stem cell-like memory T cells in anti-GAD65-associated neurological syndromes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Movement Disorders in Antibody-Associated Neurologic Diseases: A Nationwide Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Observational
- Treatment of anti-GAD65 antibody-positive epilepsy and cerebellar ataxia with efgartigimod: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical heterogeneity and immunotherapy outcomes in anti-GAD65 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Case Report: Sequential FcRn blockade and B-cell depletion for treatment-refractory relapsing autoimmune encephalitis: a three-patient case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Testing for neural antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis: who, what, where, when, why, and how.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Review
- Successful fresh formulation CD19 CAR-T cell therapy for GAD65 antibody-mediated cerebellar ataxia. A Case Report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Prognostic factors and a preliminary prognostic model in anti-GAD antibody-associated epilepsy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Recurrent anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibody-associated encephalitis in a child.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Recurrent Autoimmune Encephalitis in a Patient With Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1.Case reports in critical care · 2026Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAntibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (anti-GAD65) are associated with a number of neurologic syndromes. However, their pathogenic role is controversial. Our objective was to describe clinical and paraclinical characteristics of anti-GAD65 patients and analyze their response to immunotherapy.
methodsRetrospectively, we studied patients (n = 56) with positive anti-GAD65 and any neurologic symptom. We tested serum and CSF with ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and cell-based assay. Accordingly, we set a cutoff value of 10,000 IU/mL in serum by ELISA to group patients into high-concentration (n = 36) and low-concentration (n = 20) groups. We compared clinical and immunologic features and analyzed response to immunotherapy.
resultsClassical anti-GAD65-associated syndromes were seen in 34/36 patients with high concentration (94%): stiff-person syndrome (7), cerebellar ataxia (3), chronic epilepsy (9), limbic encephalitis (9), or an overlap of 2 or more of the former (6). Patients with low concentrations had a broad, heterogeneous symptom spectrum. Immunotherapy was effective in 19/27 treated patients (70%), although none of them completely recovered. Antibody concentration reduction occurred in 15/17 patients with available pre- and post-treatment samples (median reduction 69%; range 27%-99%), of which 14 improved clinically. The 2 patients with unchanged concentrations showed no clinical improvement. No differences in treatment responses were observed between specific syndromes.
conclusionMost patients with high anti-GAD65 concentrations (>10,000 IU/mL) showed some improvement after immunotherapy, unfortunately without complete recovery. Serum antibody concentrations' course might be useful to monitor response. In patients with low anti-GAD65 concentrations, especially in those without typical clinical phenotypes, diagnostic alternatives are more likely.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.