ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine2021
H5 Influenza Viruses in Egypt.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Counting cases, conserving species: addressing highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- Intra-patient neuraminidase mutations in avian H5N1 influenza virus reduce sialidase activity to complement weaker hemagglutinin binding and facilitate human infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Evolution, spread and impact of highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza A viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Global dynamics of avian influenza: a twenty-year analysis of highly pathogenic viruses linking the Caspian Basin, Eurasia and Africa sectors (2005-2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Isolation and subtyping of avian influenza A virus from wild birds in Khartoum, Sudan.The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research · 2025Article
- Study of the effectiveness of a supported intervention package in reducing the risk of avian influenza human exposure through the reduction of infections in poultry: Egypt, 2006-2021.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Recombinant duck enteritis virus bearing the hemagglutinin genes of H5 and H7 influenza viruses is an ideal multivalent live vaccine in ducks.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Spatio-temporal dynamics and risk cluster analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in poultry: Advancing outbreak management through customized regional strategies in Egypt.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Recent Occurrence, Diversity, and Candidate Vaccine Virus Selection for Pandemic H5N1: Alert Is in the Air.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Pathological and phylogenetic characteristics of fowl AOAV-1 and H5 isolated from naturally infected Meleagris Gallopavo.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- On-Site and Visual Detection of the H5 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus Based on RT-RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a.Viruses · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal genotype replacement of H5N8 avian influenza viruses contributed to H5N1 emergence in 2021/2022 panzootic.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Emergence of HPAI H5N6 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds: A Case Study From South Korea, 2023.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Alarming situation of emerging H5 and H7 avian influenza and effective control strategies.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Review
- Vaccination and Antiviral Treatment against Avian Influenza H5Nx Viruses: A Harbinger of Virus Control or Evolution.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Emergence and Persistent Circulation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A (H5N8) in Kosovo, May 2021-May 2022.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Continued evolution of the Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses in China.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Live Bird Markets, Egypt.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
For almost a decade, Egypt has been endemic for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses. In addition to being catastrophic for poultry production, A(H5N1) has also caused 359 human infections in the country (∼40% of global cases), with 120 being fatal. From 2017, A(H5N1) viruses have been gradually replaced by HPAI A(H5N8) viruses seeded from Southeast Asia through Europe; no human cases have been reported since. This lack of human cases is not a consequence of fewer H5 infections in poultry. Despite governmental outbreak control, the number of avian influenza outbreaks has increased since 2006 partially fueled by noncompliance with preventive measures and suboptimal vaccination programs. Adherence to control measures is low because of social norms, especially among women and children-the main caretakers of household flocks in rural areas-and declining public awareness in the community. Egypt has thus become an epicenter for A(H5) virus evolution, with no clear resolution in sight.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.