ArticleCells2020
Electronegative LDL Promotes Inflammation and Triglyceride Accumulation in Macrophages.
Article in Cells, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Molecular Interplay between hypertension and dyslipidemia in cardiovascular pathogenesis: toward precision-based therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- LDL atherogenicity determined by size, density, oxidation, apolipoprotein(a), and electronegativity: an updated review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Single chain fragment variable, a new theranostic approach for cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The correlation between serum MHR and NLR and the severity of coronary lesions in NSTE-ACS patients of different genders.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- LDL binding to cell receptors and extracellular matrix is proatherogenic in obesity but improves after bariatric surgery.Journal of lipid research · 2023Article
- Can Electronegative LDL Act as a Multienzymatic Complex?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Oxidized Lipoproteins In Vivo: Its Diversity and Behavior in the Human Circulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Electronegative LDL Is Associated with Plaque Vulnerability in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Carotid Atherosclerosis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Lipid metabolism and rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Schizandrin C regulates lipid metabolism and inflammation in liver fibrosis by NF-κB and p38/ERK MAPK signaling pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Presence of Ceramidase Activity in Electronegative LDL.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Novel Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical-Based Approaches for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention Targeting Atherogenic Small Dense LDL.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Modified Lipoproteins Induce Arterial Wall Inflammation During Atherogenesis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Review
- Article
- TNFα-Induced LDL Cholesterol Accumulation Involve Elevated LDLR Cell Surface Levels and SR-B1 Downregulation in Human Arterial Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Neutrophils as a Novel Target of Modified Low-Density Lipoproteins and an Accelerator of Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Search for Reliable Circulating Biomarkers to Predict Carotid Plaque Vulnerability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (LDL(-)), a modified LDL that is present in blood and exerts atherogenic effects on endothelial cells and monocytes. This study aimed to determine the action of LDL(-) on monocytes differentiated into macrophages. LDL(-) and in vitro-modified LDLs (oxidized, aggregated, and acetylated) were added to macrophages derived from THP1 monocytes over-expressing CD14 (THP1-CD14). Then, cytokine release, cell differentiation, lipid accumulation, and gene expression were measured by ELISA, flow cytometry, thin-layer chromatography, and real-time PCR, respectively. LDL(-) induced more cytokine release in THP1-CD14 macrophages than other modified LDLs. LDL(-) also promoted morphological changes ascribed to differentiated macrophages. The addition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and anti-TLR4 counteracted these effects. LDL(-) was highly internalized by macrophages, and it was the major inductor of intracellular lipid accumulation in triglyceride-enriched lipid droplets. In contrast to inflammation, the addition of anti-TLR4 had no effect on lipid accumulation, thus suggesting an uptake pathway alternative to TLR4. In this regard, LDL(-) upregulated the expression of the scavenger receptors CD36 and LOX-1, as well as several genes involved in triglyceride (TG) accumulation. The importance and novelty of the current study is that LDL(-), a physiologically modified LDL, exerted atherogenic effects in macrophages by promoting differentiation, inflammation, and triglyceride-enriched lipid droplets formation in THP1-CD14 macrophages, probably through different receptors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.